1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 As they move, glaciers push piles of rocks ahead of them. （ A） toward （ B） above （ C） in front of （ D） alongside of 2 Insects thrive all over, from the hottest deserts to the snow-clad pea
2、ks of lofty mountains. （ A） silently （ B） totally （ C） everywhere （ D） overhead 3 Male lions remain the day-to-day activities of their families. （ A） upwind of （ B） separate from （ C） exhausted from （ D） bored with 4 Many photographers prefer to take pictures at twilight when they can take advantage
3、 of the special effects of the setting sun. （ A） at dusk （ B） at noon （ C） in the spring （ D） in the fall 5 The poem is attributed to one of Emily Dickinsons. （ A） testified as （ B） handed out by （ C） identified as （ D） predicted as 6 The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be d
4、eflected from a straight line. （ A） spring （ B） deviate （ C） be retracted （ D） be conceived 7 By the time the war broke out, most of the people had already left. （ A） began （ B） spoiled the country （ C） became less widespread （ D） intervened 8 His marked personality changes were brought about by a s
5、eries of unfortunate events. （ A） preceded （ B） accompanied （ C） caused （ D） hastened 9 Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928. （ A） finally （ B） accidentally （ C） experimentally （ D） opportunely 10 Bladder wrack, a tough, leathery brown seaweed, clings to rocks tenaciously. （ A） grows under （
6、B） hides under （ C） sticks to （ D） yields to 11 Sue was distraught waiting for her mother to come to last night. （ A） make a social debut （ B） regain consciousness （ C） come home in spite of difficulty （ D） meet her immediately 12 Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply
7、 with doctors orders. （ A） obey （ B） understand （ C） improve with （ D） agree with 13 The Taconic Mountains form part of the dividing line between New York and Massachusetts. （ A） geographic dispute （ B） boundary （ C） scenic attractions （ D） territory 14 My wife wants me to do away with my shoes. （ A
8、） dispense with （ B） get rid of （ C） do without （ D） maul 15 The Pop Art of the 1960s used imagery drawn from the everyday world. （ A） understood by （ B） approved by （ C） censored in （ D） taken from 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B
9、；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团 ) and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading trad
10、ition, Lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力 ) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构 ); many countries have little t
11、o trade hut commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years. In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before f
12、irst building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsins regime privatized the state-ow
13、ned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员 ), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home. In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet
14、bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous gro
15、wth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions. 16 Japan has a long trading tradition. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 All African
16、countries followed the IMF formula. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The Soviet Union was a capitalist country. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 China did not take IMF advice
17、. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要 求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Geology
18、 and Health The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realised within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce cr
19、ops and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the
20、elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-ri
21、ch soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhal
22、ed. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich dust topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil. Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially pollute
23、d sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. In contrast naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessme
24、nt studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria. There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally
25、 contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistr
26、y as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution. 23 A. No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soil B. Potential hazards of human contaminated soils C. Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chain D. Geology and health problems E. Rocksthe ultimat
27、e source of soil pollution F. Long-term health effects on children 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 27 A. industrially polluted soils B. rock and soil chemistry C. naturally polluted soils D. the pathways of metals into the food chain E. the element of iodine F. the pe
28、rsistence of heavy metals 27 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of_. 28 It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on_. 29 Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on_. 30 Industrially contaminate
29、d sites usually, require a thorough clean up due to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Eat Healthy “Clean your plate!” and “Be a member of the clean plate club!” Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied b
30、y an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!” Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying “clean the plate”, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restauran
31、ts are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.
32、They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand. Health experts
33、 have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this, too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percen
34、t had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. 70 percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $ 25,000 want
35、smaller. Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next years Christmas presents. 31 Parents in th
36、e United States tend to ask their children （ A） to save food. （ B） to wash the dishes. （ C） not to waste food. （ D） not to eat too much. 32 Why do American restaurants serve large portions? （ A） Because Americans associate quantity with value. （ B） Because Americans have big bellies. （ C） Because Am
37、ericans are good eaters, （ D） Because Americans are greedy, 33 What happened in the 1970s? （ A） The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer. （ B） Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions. （ C） The United States produced more grain than neede
38、d. （ D） The American waistline started to expand, 34 What does the survey indicate? （ A） Many poor Americans want large portions, （ B） Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions. （ C） Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year. （ D） Twenty three percent Americas earn less than $ 25,000
39、 per year. 35 Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans? （ A） They work long hours. （ B） They live from paycheck to paycheck. （ C） They dont want to be healthy eaters. （ D） They want to save money for their children. 35 The Deers Death He ran close, and again stood still, stopped
40、 by a new fear. Around him the grass was whispering and alive. He looked wildly about, then down. The ground was black with ants, great energetic ants that took no notice of him, but hurried towards the fighting shape. And as he drew in his breath and pity and terror seized him, the beast fell and t
41、he screaming stopped. Now he could hear nothing but a bird singing, and the sound of the rustling (沙沙声 ) whispering ants. He peered over at the blackness that twitched with the jerking(抽搐 ) nerves. It grew quieter. There were small twitches from the mass that still looked vaguely like the shape of a
42、 small animal. It came into his mind that he could shoot it and end its pain; and he raised the gun. Then he lowered it again. The deer could no longer feel; its fighting was a mechanical protest of the nerves. But it was not that which made him put down the gun. It was a swelling feeling of rage an
43、d misery and protest that expressed itself in the thought: if I had not come it would have died like this, so why should I interfere? All over the bush things like this happen; they happen all the time; this is how life goes on, by living things dying painfully. I cannot stop it. He was glad that th
44、e deer was unconscious and had gone past suffering so that he did not have to make a decision to kill it. At his feet, now, were ants tricking back with pink fragments in their mouths and there was a fresh acid smell in his nose. He sternly controlled the uselessly convulsing(痉挛的 ) muscles of his em
45、pty stomach, and reminded himself: the ants must eat, too. The shape had grown small. Now it looked like nothing to be recognized. He saw the blackness thin, and bits of white showed through, shining in the sunyes, there was the sun just up. Then the boy looked at those insects. A few were standing
46、and gazing up at him with small glittering eyes. “Go away!” he said to the ants coldly. “I am not for younot just yet, at any rate.” He bent over the bones and touched the sockets(孔 ) in the skull: that was where the eyes were, he thought suspiciously, remembering the liquid eyes of a deer. That mor
47、ning, perhaps an hour ago, this small creature had been stepping proud and free through the bush even as he himself had done. Proudly stepping the earth, it had smelt the cold morning air. Walking like kings, it had moved freely through this bush, where each blade of grass grew for it alone, and whe
48、re the river ran pure sparkling water for it to drink. And thenwhat had happened? Such a sure swift footed thing could surely not be trapped by a swarm of ants? 36 How was the deer when the boy first saw it? （ A） It was already dead in the bush. （ B） It was still on its feet. （ C） It was lying on th
49、e ground dying. （ D） It was fighting the ants to a finish. 37 The boy did not shoot the deer because_. （ A） he felt sorry for it （ B） he did not want to hurt it （ C） he did not want to kill it when it was conscious （ D） he did not want to interfere with the laws of the bush 38 When the ants ate up the meat on the skeleton it was_. （ A） late afternoon （ B） close to midnight （ C） just after dawn （ D） already dark 39 Wh
