1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 When we visited the country, our principal impression was one of poverty and hardship. （ A） main （ B） central （ C） unforgettable （ D） strong 2 I didnt help him. I would have however didnt
2、have the money. （ A） or （ B） but （ C） otherwise （ D） still 3 Smoking is not permitted in the office. （ A） probable （ B） possible （ C） admitted （ D） allowed 4 Gambling is lawful in this state. （ A） legal （ B） irresistible （ C） enjoyable （ D） profitable 5 You dont need to carry large amounts of cash；
3、actually all financial businesses will be conducted by computers. （ A） transmissions （ B） transitions （ C） transactions （ D） transportation 6 The people who speak Esperanto hope that the language someday will become the international language for trade, science, and diplomacy. （ A） common （ B） uniqu
4、e （ C） official （ D） well-known 7 All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings. （ A） damage （ B） injury （ C） danger （ D） wound 8 They have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy. （ A） modifying （ B） adopting （ C） arranging （ D） adjusting 9 What makes a maj
5、or success in Los Angeles is the strength of his public support. （ A） concentration （ B） intensity （ C） conservation （ D） stress 10 They had put up with the behavior from their son which they would not have tolerated from anyone else. （ A） accepted （ B） suffered （ C） endured （ D） received 11 He was
6、awarded 1, 000 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident. （ A） compensation （ B） insurance （ C） commission （ D） substitution 12 The second injection should have been given once the first drug had taken effect. （ A） taken place （ B） injected （ C） worked out （ D） worked 13 The next morning sh
7、e told us that the last question didnt depart till well after midnight. （ A） go （ B） leave （ C） come （ D） appear 14 Capital punishment was abolished some years ago in some states of the U. S. （ A） created （ B） decorated （ C） improved （ D） eliminated 15 Human facial expression differ from those of an
8、imals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified. （ A） sufficiently （ B） noticeably （ C） intentionally （ D） absolutely 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 An Awful Afternoon Sometim
9、es I feel that being the mother of three small children is like running a large circus(马戏团 ). One afternoon last week, my three sons were playing peacefully in the back-yard, throwing the ball from one to the other. I jumped at the chance to talk to one of my friends on the phone, but before I got t
10、o the phone, I could tell that the boys had begun to quarrel with each other over something. I rushed out to make peace, but before I got there, Charles had begun to fight over this. Even David, the oldest boy, who wont usually fight with anybody over anything, was involved. First, I made them stop
11、fighting, and then I examined Marks eye. I decided that it wasnt going to develop into a black eye, but I felt that they should suffer at least a little for what they had done. “Im going to speak to your father about these when he comes home tonight,“ I said. “He and I will think of how to punish yo
12、u. “ Things were pretty quiet after that for about half an hour, and then Charles broke a glass in the kitchen sink, and at almost the same moment, Mark fell out of the apple tree. I suppose I will be able to laugh at all these things someday. In the meantime, I just pray to heaven for patience. 16
13、The mother of the three children is the manager of a large circus. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The mother was about to call her friend when the three boys started argue with each other about something in the backyard. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Charles hit David in t
14、he eye. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The father went abroad on business and would return the next day. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 It is not easy to look after three small children because something always happens unexpected to them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment
15、ioned 21 David was the quietest of the three boys. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 When the mother saw her son fall out the apple tree, she laughed at him. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标
16、题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Singapore 1 Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island the Singapore Island-and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the
17、 southeastern end of the Singapore Island, it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. km. 2 Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的 ) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height
18、of 176m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.2 . The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm; the wettest months are November through January. 3 Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959, as amended (修正后的 ). A president, elected to a four-year term,
19、is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be elected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment (宪法修正案 ), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elected. 4 In the la
20、te 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore (founded in 1980 with the combination of two major universities), several technical colleges, and
21、a teachers college. 5 Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product(GDP) was estimated at 23.7 billion, or 8,870 per per-son. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Is-land. Industr
22、y has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity (多样化的 ) of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important. A Introduction to Singapore B Education C Economy D State System of Singapo
23、re E History of Singapore F Land and Climate 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A 1959 constitutional amendment B southeast Asia C 1960s D rainy E 1991 constitutional amendment F 1980s 27 Singapore is an island country in_ 28 During most time of year in Singapore it i
24、s_ 29 The president is elected directly by the people by a_ 30 Singapores economy took off in_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to
25、do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Labor
26、atory in Woods Hole, Mass. , have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision
27、goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science. The backpacks electricity-crew, ring
28、powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts
29、. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and n
30、on-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to mu
31、sic, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! 31 Backpacks are convenient because （ A） they can be very large. （ B） they can hold as many things as you want to carry. （ C
32、） your hands are freed to do other things. （ D） you do not have to carry things with you. 32 What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues? （ A） It produces electricity for electronic devisees while the wearer walks. （ B） It can be used as cell ph
33、ones, GPS in the military actions or field studies. （ C） It is small and convenient. （ D） It is light and easy to carry. 33 The word “springs“ in Paragraph 3 means （ A） a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth. （ B） the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer. （ C） th
34、e act or an instance of jumping or leaping. （ D） a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 34 According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do? （ A） To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer. （ B） To put the backpack on the market. （ C） To
35、test the advantage of the backpack. （ D） To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television. 35 What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street ! “? （ A） You will be too excited to watch the traffic. （ B） Enjoying electronic devices
36、while walking may invite traffic accidents. （ C） It is not possible for you to get such a backpack. （ D） It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 35 Valuing Childhood The value of childhood is easily hurried (变得模糊不清 ) in todays world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers in the J
37、onesboro, Ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago. Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to addre
38、ss the court couldnt begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy(妒忌 ) and resentment. But a deeper question remains. Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint? That question echoes for the a
39、ccused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girls bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids. Redemption (拯救 ) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions fo
40、r a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. Thats why politicians cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. But the moral void(真空 )that invites violen
41、ce has many sources. Family instability con-tributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether theyre doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities a
42、nd their developing processes of thought? Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance (遵守 ). The goal, ultimately, is to allow all children a normal p
43、assage from childhood to adulthood (成年 ), so that tragic gaps in moral judgment are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who dont go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide-and which progressive human societ
44、y relies on. 36 The two boys in Chicago were_. （ A） shot （ B） murdered （ C） sentenced （ D） accused 37 Thy boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of_. （ A） discipline （ B） right and wrong （ C） shame （ D） safety 38 According to politicians, when children commit crimes, they should be
45、treated in the same way as_. （ A） adults （ B） criminals （ C） victims （ D） murderers 39 Which o the following does the writer cite as a source o moral void? （ A） Official corruption. （ B） Social injustice. （ C） Racial discrimination. （ D） Family instability. 40 Which of the statements is NOT true acc
46、ording to this passage? （ A） Youth organizations play no role in building character. （ B） Schools should help create a moral sense in children. （ C） Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws. （ D） Parents should strengthen moral instruction. 40 Problems of the Elderly
47、Gerontologists (老年人问题学者 ) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic
48、(慢性的 )diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation-a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care through their lives. Becaus
49、e most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U. S. , which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises, thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation. Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most
