1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years. （ A） extended （ B） emphasized （ C） distorted （ D） illustrated 2 Poor children should not be deprived of the opportunity to particip
2、ate in sports whenever possible. （ A） denied （ B） retreated （ C） oppressed （ D） refused 3 Unlike the common cold, flu tends to start abruptly. （ A） mysteriously （ B） seasonally （ C） repeatedly （ D） suddenly 4 He left the building before smoke was spotted coming up the stairs. （ A） dropped （ B） searc
3、hed （ C） seen （ D） led 5 About twenty years ago, all important resources in our country were allocated by the central government. （ A） nationalized （ B） distributed （ C） speculated （ D） appointed 6 They tried their best to resolve the residual problems. （ A） domestic （ B） remaining （ C） geographical
4、 （ D） $1aborate 7 His qualifications surpass the job requirements. （ A） satisfy （ B） alter （ C） exceed （ D） uphold 8 The research team needs to confer with the director before it begins its final report. （ A） argue （ B） debate （ C） compute （ D） consult 9 As an assistant in a shop, she tries to be co
5、urteous at all times, even when she is very tired. （ A） straightforward （ B） polite （ C） flexible （ D） neat 10 Both princes gave up earthly wealth and power for the spiritual life. （ A） announced （ B） renounced （ C） denounced （ D） pronounced 11 After her death, her papers- including unpublished arti
6、cles and correspondence were deposited at the library. （ A） identifications （ B） cards （ C） files （ D） documents 12 You dont need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial business will be conducted by computers. （ A） transmissions （ B） transitions （ C） transactions （ D） transportation
7、13 The people who speak Esperanto(世界语 ) hope that the language someday will become the international language for trade, science, and diplomacy. （ A） common （ B） unique （ C） official （ D） well known 14 All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings. （ A） damage （ B） injury （ C） danger （ D） wound
8、 15 They have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy. （ A） modifying （ B） adopting （ C） arranging （ D） adjusting 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 My Job Experience In un
9、iversity I had a part-time job at a shop downtown that sold doughnuts and coffee. Situated on a block where a dozen buses stopped, it catered to commuters (通勤者 ) who had a few minutes to wait for their bus. I poured coffee in takeaway cups and patiently waited for customers whod point through the gl
10、ass case and say, “No, not that one, the one two rows over.“ Every afternoon around four oclock, a group of schoolchildren would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. I didnt mind if the children waited for their bus inside where i
11、t was warm and dry. I was not working on commission (抽佣金 ), and hey, sometimes a kid would have 25 cents to spend. I came to know the children pretty well. The older girls would tell me about their boyfriends; some of the younger ones would talk about school and show me the drawings theyd done in cl
12、ass. The boys were too reserved to share their secrets, but still, theyd wait every day in the shop until their bus came. Sometimes Id hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing-always repaid the next day. When it snowed, the kids and I would wait anxiously for a very late bus. Theyd call their
13、parents to let them know that they were OK. At closing time Id lock the door, and the kids and I would wait in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived. I gave away freely a lot of doughnuts on snow days. I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in
14、 their lives-until one Saturday afternoon when a serious-looking man entered the shop and asked if I was the girl who worked on weekdays around four oclock. I admitted it was true, and he identified himself as the father of two of my favourites -a brother-and-sister team. “I want you to know I appre
15、ciate what you do for my children. I worry about them having to take two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you are keeping an eye on them.“ I was touched. I told him it wasnt a big deal, that I enjoyed the kids. “No, you dont understand. When theyre safe. It is a big deal
16、. And Im grateful.“ So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only had received a title, I had become a landmark. Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children when they venture out into the world. Many of them I never hear about, and some I learn about only by chance. It feels odd to
17、learn of the life my kids have apart from me. In their comings and goings they developed relationships with adults, and those adults, and those adults become, well, Doughnut Ladies. 16 The author is kind to the children because she wanted to play an important role in the childrens lives. （ A） Right
18、（ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The author makes a lot of money. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The author and the schoolchildren talk about the privacy of the boys. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 When it snowed, the kids expected to go home soon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
19、） Not mentioned 20 On one Saturday afternoon, a man entered the shop to express his gratitude. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 A serious-looking man appreciate the authors help by giving her a title. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 At the end of this passage, Doughnut Ladies
20、refer to the landmark. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从 所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The Price of Idleness 1 Electrical devices such as CD players, vidoes and burglar alarms are consumi
21、ng more energy in standby mode than when they are actually being used. 2 Maria Sanchez and her colleagues from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, tested more than 50 small electrical applicances, from computers to doorbells, electric mowers, VCRs, and pool pumps. In
22、the current issue of Energy Policy, they report that about half of all consumer electronics energy is used in standby mode. This costs American consumers 1 billion a year in wasted energy. 3 The researchers say that while electronic devices are lying dormant(休眠状态 ),running their clocks, maintaining
23、internal memories or displaying their settings, they consume aroud 40 terawatt hours of electricity in the U.S. every year-enough to power a city such as Chicago or London. Many machines use almost as much power on standby as when working. For example, it takes 15 watts to play a typical CD, but an
24、average of 11 watts to keep it on standby. Satellite TV systems use 14 watts when active and 14 watts on standby. Given the long hours these systems spend idling, each uses far more power in standby mode than when actually working. 4 “Bad design is largely to blame,“ says Sanchez. In a separate surv
25、ey of CD players last year, her colleague Wolfgang Huber found that two machines with similar features used 28 watts and 2 watts respectively on standby. “For most products, we believe that standby power can be reduced to one watt or less,“ says Sanchez. 5 She backs proposals to set up a national la
26、beling system to promote machines that meet this standard. Such a system could reduce standby power consumption in the U.S. by 50 per cent, says coauthor Alan Meier-more than 20 terawatt hours per year. Last month, electronics company Philips announced the launch of a device that can dramatically re
27、duce the power used in standby mode. 23 A Factors Leading to Energy Waste B Home Appliances C Propsals to Cut Energy Consumption D Energy Consumption Test E Terawatt Hours F Nonessential Electricity Use 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A bad design B the total e
28、nergy of the country C power a large city D the most energy E wasted energy F stand-by power consumption 27 Satellite TV systems use 14 watts _. 28 The energy wasted by the electronic devices in the U.S. is sufficient to _. 29 It is found that power waste is mainly caused by _. 30 Philips have start
29、ed to develop a device that can greatly reduce _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Benefits of Educating Girl The benefits of educating girls are numerous -to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women, to their future families, a
30、nd to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies. A girls education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is, the more likely are her children -particularly her daughters - to roll and
31、 stay in school. The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition(营养 ),use health services more frequently, and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier thems
32、elves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing (分娩 )and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy(怀孕 ). The educational level achieved by women, like family planning services, has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of educati
33、on on family size is strongest and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than t
34、heir less educated husbands, but also are more likely to use effective contraception(避孕 ) successfully and to limit their families to the number of children, which contribute to smaller family size. Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest, therefore, in countries that combine strong fa
35、mily planning and health programs with high levels of education for women. 31 According to the article, families and the whole society benefit from womens _ . （ A） work （ B） education （ C） effort （ D） health 32 According to the article, mothers education has an effect on childrens _ . （ A） personali
36、ty （ B） experience （ C） grades in school （ D） years of schooling 33 Lower death rate of children owes to all of the following except womens _ . （ A） good health （ B） frequent visits to health services （ C） better utilization of nutrition （ D） management of family resources 34 In what way do women co
37、ntribute to the small family size according to the text? （ A） By educating their children. （ B） By marrying late. （ C） By supporting the small family. （ D） By educating their husbands. 35 It can be concluded from the passage that educating girls _ . （ A） has great influence on boys growth （ B） is he
38、lpful to the stability of families （ C） can raise womens social status （ D） contributes to the development of society 36 Supermarket Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop. There are usually two doors, one as an entrance and th
39、e other as an exit. The rest of the side facing the street is largely of plate glass, with goods or advertising material displayed. The other three walls are normally decorated in light colours, giving an impression of cleanliness (清洁 )and brightness. Most supermarkets are on one floor only. Goods b
40、eing stored in rooms at the back or upstairs. At right-angles to the window stretch long structures about six feet high with a number of shelves on each side. Similar shelf units or frozen food containers extend round the wails. Broad aisles(通道 )between the shelf units and ample (足够的 )space between
41、them and the window and also the far wall allow room for the circulation of many people; Individual commodities (商品 ), in tins, bags, boxes or other containers, are stacked (堆放 ) in groups on the shelves, and each group is labelled with a price ticket. Metal baskets near the entrance are taken by th
42、e shoppers who collect in them the goods they select from the shelves. Between the shelf units and the window in one half of the shops are a number of small counters about three feet high. Beside each sits a cashier (现金黄色出纳员 ), who operates a machine for reckoning, detailing the cost of each custome
43、rs purchases. The customer places the basket at one end of the counter so that it can be emptied by the cashier who records the price of the commodities one by one, before putting each on a moving section of the counter top. The goods are collected and packed into the customers bag by another assist
44、ant at the end of the counter. The cashier finally hands a printed slip recording all prices to the customer, who pays the total, collects the bag and leaves. 36 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? （ A） Most supermarkets have a very large floor area. （ B） Most su
45、permarkets are on one floor only. （ C） Most supermarkets have a floor area as large as that of an ordinary shop. （ D） Some supermarkets have a floor area at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop. 37 In most supermarkets goods are stored _ . （ A） upstairs and in rooms at the back （ B） up
46、stairs or in rooms at the back （ C） downstairs or in rooms at the back （ D） downstairs and in rooms at the back 38 A supermarket usually has _ . （ A） lots of rooms for shoppers to sit in （ B） lots of rest rooms for shoppers to use （ C） lots of rooms where new varieties of goods are on display （ D） a
47、mple space for shoppers to move round 39 Who empties the basket? （ A） The shopper. （ B） The customer. （ C） The cashier. （ D） The purchaser. 40 What does the customer collect before he or she leaves? （ A） The printed slip. （ B） The bag. （ C） The metal basket. （ D） The cash. 41 Changes in the American
48、 Family How much change has really occurred in the American family and what are the implications of these changes? First, the household size has changed greatly since 1790. From 1790 to 1978 the mean family size was cut in half from 5.79 persons to 2.81 persons. In 1790 almost 63 percent of all pers
49、ons lived in the households of five or more people. By 1978 the size accounted for a little over 14 percent of all households. By the end of the 19th century a majority of Americans were living in urban areas, and the family was very much influenced By the rapid development of industrialization. With the arrival of immigrants, the urban population was increasingly heterogeneous(由不同成分组成的 ). This challenges the e
