1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed: （ A） expressive （ B） physical （ C） exaggerated （ D） dubious 2 Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being develop
2、ed. （ A） convert （ B） store （ C） utilise （ D） receive 3 Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors. （ A） managers （ B） occupants （ C） landlords （ D） caretakers 4 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. （ A） c
3、ontinuously （ B） quickly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 5 Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches. （ A） disrupt （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） cure 6 John Hanson helped draft instructions for Marylands delegates to the Stamp Act Congress. （ A） clarify （ B） formulate （ C） r
4、evise （ D） contribute 7 Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes. （ A） Simultaneously （ B） Almost （ C） Absolutely （ D） Basically 8 Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state. （ A） regularly （ B）
5、 accidentally （ C） sometimes （ D） successfully 9 When doves are about two weeks old, they are Covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings. （ A） grow （ B） wrap （ C） hide （ D） test 10 I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. （ A） normally （ B） seldom （ C） cont
6、inuously （ D） usually 11 When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. （ A） willingly （ B） suddenly （ C） firmly （ D） quickly 12 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. （ A） take out （ B） repair （ C） pull （ D） dig 13 You must shine your shoes. （ A） lighten （ B） clean （ C） wash （
7、D） polish 14 The majority of people around here are decent people. （ A） honest （ B） rich （ C） good-looking （ D） high-ranking 15 A deadly disease has affected these animals. （ A） contagious （ B） serious （ C） fatal （ D） worrying 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正
8、确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 El Nino While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Sino events up to two years in advance. That would be good ne
9、ws for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El
10、 Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work,
11、said it “suggests El Nino is indeed predictable.“ “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead timess.“ Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not
12、 looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial
13、effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasona
14、l forecasting, Anderson said. When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year f
15、f the new method is confirmed. El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next t
16、wo years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible. 16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past
17、El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Weares contribution in predicting El Nino
18、 was highly praised by other meteorologists. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It takes about eight months for El Nino to
19、 reach its peak. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 2
20、3 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 h
21、ours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a. number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only? hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-ho
22、ur sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than g hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each n
23、ight to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep - for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours eac
24、h night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.
25、Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing eac
26、h sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person sp
27、ends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake,“ he said. 23 A Kripkes Research Too1 B Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep C Criticism on Kripkes Report D A Way of Overcoming Insomnia E Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers F Classification of Sleep Problems
28、23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A fall asleep again. B become more energetic the following day C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours 27 To get a good nights rest, people may not need to
29、_. 28 Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _. 29 One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to _. 30 One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 La
30、nguage Learning It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before t
31、hey start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey“ spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many child
32、ren will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises
33、 sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for e
34、njoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音 ). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的 ) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations ca
35、n be considered as speech. 31 By “. challenges explanation“ (Line 2, Para. 1)the author means that _. （ A） no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon （ B） no explanation has been made up to now （ C） its no easy job to provide an adequate explanation （ D） its high time that an explana
36、tion was provided 32 The third paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） the development of babies early forms of language （ B） the difficulties of babies in learning to speak （ C） babies strong desire to communicate （ D） babies intention to communicate 33 The authors purpose in writing the second paragraph
37、 is to show that children_. （ A） usually obey without asking questions （ B） are passive in the process of learning to speak （ C） are born cooperative （ D） learn to speak by listening 34 From the passage we learn that _. （ A） early starters can learn to speak within only six months （ B） children show
38、 a strong desire to communicate by making noises （ C） imitation plays an important role in learning to speak （ D） children have various difficulties in learning to speak 35 The best title for this passage would be_. （ A） How Babies Learn to Speak （ B） Early Forms of Language （ C） A Huge Task for Chi
39、ldren （ D） Noise Making and Language Learning 36 What is Cold? How cold is cold? It all depends on who is talking. To us ordinary people nothing in the world maybe so cold as failing through the ice on a frozen lade, or huddling(卷缩 )on a windswept mountain hoping to be rescued in the dead of winter.
40、 Some may even think they are freezing to death when rushing under an ice-cold shower just out of a warm bed. Indeed, we all know what cold means. Arctic(北极 ) .explorers would laugh at such ideas. Down in the Antarctic(南极 ), where scientists of many nations spend very dark months living on a sheet o
41、f ice two miles thick, the temperature spends most of its time at 50or60 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, often with hundred-mile winds and heavy snowstorms. This is the cold that is cold, to them. Space people have still another standard. The coldest place in which a person can live and survive is so
42、me 400 degrees hotter than space itself,“. However, the coldest place in earth-colder even than space-is inside a machine called a cryostat(低温保持器 ). Here, scientists and engineers in thousands of laboratories and factories in many parts of the world regularly make cold that turns the South Poles wor
43、st into a pleasant summer day. They are inching toward such cold that there is no temperature at all-down a frozen valley that leads to Absolute Zero, 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit below our zero of a cold winters day. 36 According to the passage, nothing is so cold to an ordinary person as _. （ A） wait
44、ing for death on top of a mountain in winter （ B） being trapped in a mountain swept by wind in severe winter （ C） taking a cold shower right out of bed （ D） slipping on a frozen lake 37 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） Arctic explorers think it is fun to live on ice for months. （ B） T
45、o Arctic explorers, -60 F with high winds and heavy snow is coldest. （ C） The Antarctic has-50 F or -60weather all the year round. （ D） To Antarctic explorers, -60 F with winds and heavy snow is coldest. 38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that space is probably _. （ A） about -400 F （ B） about -3
46、50 F （ C） about -450 F （ D） about -500 F 39 From the passage we learn that _. （ A） it is possible that some scientists working in the Arctic also work in the Antarctic （ B） the South Poles coldest temperature is still very hot compared with the cold made in a cryostat （ C） a cryostat can be used to
47、change a very low temperature into a pleasant summer day （ D） the Arctic is covered by an unbroken sheet of ice several miles in thickness 40 “Absolute Zero“ is _. （ A） no temperature at all （ B） an ice-cold valley （ C） as cold as space （ D） the lowest temperature in earth. 41 Advice of a Writer Man
48、y a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that theres a big difference between “being a writer“ and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “Youve got to want to wr
49、ite, I say to them, “not want to be a writer.“ The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20 _year career in the U. S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者 ), I had no prospects at all: What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment b
