1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality. （ A） demand （ B） rely on （ C） prepare for （ D） create 2 Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected
2、farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 3 Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. （ A） crudely （ B） rarely （ C） originally （ D） symbolically 4 Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two
3、 hundred miles per hour. （ A） velocities （ B） impulses （ C） ratios （ D） atrocities 5 The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. （ A） doctor （ B） professor （ C） physicist （ D） resident 6 Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized b
4、ranches. （ A） conventionally （ B） obviously （ C） especially （ D） inevitably 7 We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. （ A） clean （ B） pretty （ C） distant （ D） secure 8 An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. （ A） a unity （ B）
5、 a division （ C） an embassy （ D） an invasion 9 The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. （ A） bad （ B） frightening （ C） repeated （ D） unusual 10 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A） a steady （ B） a plentiful （ C） an extra （ D） a meager 11 In order to improve our st
6、andard of living, we have to accelerate production. （ A） step up （ B） decrease （ C） stop （ D） control 12 Gas does accumulate in the mines around here. （ A） increase （ B） spread （ C） collect （ D） grow 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. （ A） assign （ B） persuade （ C
7、） ask （ D） order 14 Her behavior is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） beautiful （ D） foolish 15 We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land. （ A） hairless （ B） bare （ C） empty （ D） bald 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择
8、 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Smoking Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show bey
9、ond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers, in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of
10、some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does
11、 to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is wh
12、ere the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slighfiy reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 16 It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
13、） Not mentioned 17 Smoking reduces ones life expectancy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Smoking may induce lung cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Male smokers h
14、ave a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Nicotine is poisonous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面
15、的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination 1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be respo
16、nsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice ref
17、lects sunlight. 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets m
18、elt, they tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing m trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such
19、 as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black ca
20、rbon,“ Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude,“ Hansen noted. 6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of
21、soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century, Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century. 7 The researchers found that observed warming in
22、the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. 23 A Soots R
23、ole in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot D Effort to Reduce Snow Albedo E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Par
24、agraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 6 _ 26 Paragraph 7 _ 27 A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing0f the same magnitude B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming C can produce greenhouse gases D absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background E still surpass s
25、oot in warming the worlds climate during the last century F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere 27 In the twentieth century, soot _. 28 Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases _. 29 Black soot covered snow and ice _. 30 A soot forcing is unusually effective, which _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分
26、，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles The Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say. General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel
27、cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same. Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000
28、 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002. “The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,“ Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel w
29、e have given electric our best shot.“ The Think City has a range of only about 55 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles. The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powere
30、d alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are, now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles. “There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now
31、 has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,“ Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service. Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer grea
32、ter mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US. However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler
33、 won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicle
34、s. 31 What have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars? （ A） They have started to produce electric cars. （ B） They have done extensive research on electric cars. （ C） They have given up producing electric cars. （ D） They have produced thousands of electric car
35、s. 32 According m Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars （ A） will be the main transportation vehicles in the future. （ B） will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. （ C） will be good to the environment in the future. （ D） will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future.
36、 33 Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles? （ A） Toyota and Nissan. （ B） General Motors and Honda. （ C） Ford and Toyota. （ D） Honda and Toyota. 34 According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars （ A） offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars. （ B） rum faster than petrol driv
37、en cars. （ C） run more miles than petrol driven cars. （ D） offer more batteries than petrol driven cars. 35 Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph ? （ A） Low-emission cars should be banned. （ B） Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on
38、 motorways. （ C） The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars. （ D） The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced. 36 Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do othe
39、r things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MF3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory i
40、n Woods Hole, Mass., have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision goggles,
41、 and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science. The backpacks electricity-creating powers dep
42、end on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts. Unexpect
43、edly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electri
44、c versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all a
45、t the same lime. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! 36 Backpacks are convenient because （ A） they can be very large. （ B） they can hold as many things as you want to carry. （ C） your han
46、ds are freed to do other things. （ D） you do not have to carry things with you. 37 What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues? （ A） It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks. （ B） It can be used as cell phones, GPS i
47、n the military actions or field studies. （ C） It is small and convenient. （ D） It is light and easy to carry. 38 The word “springs“ in Paragraph 3 means （ A） a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth. （ B） the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer. （ C） the act or an
48、 instance of jumping or leaping. （ D） a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 39 According to Paragraph 4. what does Rome plan to do? （ A） To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer. （ B） To put the backpack on the market. （ C） To test the ad
49、vantage of the backpack. （ D） To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television. 40 What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look beth ways before crossing the street? ? （ A） You will be too excited to watch the traffic. （ B） Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. （ C） It is not possible for you to get such a backpack. （ D） It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 41 Light Night, Dark St
