1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 How can we reduce the risk of cancer? （ A） cut in （ B） cut down （ C） cut off （ D） cut out 2 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo
2、 by water. （ A） continuously （ B） quickly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 3 During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. （ A） permanent （ B） powerful （ C） striking （ D） practical. 4 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its
3、 scarce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 5 His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married, （ A） failed （ B） deleted （ C） refused （ D） rejected 6 The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles. （ A） quicken （ B） shorte
4、n （ C） loosen （ D） enlarge 7 We should never content ourselves with a little knowledge only. （ A） convince （ B） satisfy （ C） comfort （ D） benefit 8 We should contemplated the problem from all sides. （ A） deliberated （ B） thought （ C） described （ D） designed 9 His health had deteriorated while he was
5、 in prison. （ A） became better （ B） became worse （ C） became stronger （ D） became weaker 10 If you want my advice, you should revise your plan for the trip to Beijing. （ A） change （ B） exchange （ C） enlarge （ D） encourage 11 Smoking is inhibited in public places. （ A） instructed （ B） inquired （ C） f
6、orbidden （ D） strived 12 He is said to be suffering from terminal cancer and has asked for euthanasia (安乐死 ). （ A） acute （ B） chronic （ C） final （ D） fatal 13 I felt impelled to tell the truth. （ A） promoted （ B） induced （ C） compelled （ D） improved 14 Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weathe
7、r when you go out. （ A） controversial （ B） reasonable （ C） sensible （ D） sensitive 15 Are you positive that theres been no mistake? （ A） rational （ B） reasonable （ C） certain （ D） bound 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提
8、及，请选择 C。 16 Plants and Mankind Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their p
9、roperties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know
10、 many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet ever
11、yone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for r
12、icher yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, r
13、ather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. botany植物学 marvel令人惊奇的事 (人 )，奇迹 16 It is logical that a detailed learning of
14、plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 People cant survive without plants. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not
15、mentioned 19 Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People living in the Middle East first l
16、earned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完 成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要
17、求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Before you can use a fax modem, you must specify it as active. Also, only one fax modem can be used at a time. If you have more than one available, you need to specify which one you want to be active. Make sure that Mail is close
18、d and the Outbox is empty before you specify the active modem. 2. If you plan to use a fax modem located on another computer on your network, you need to specify the name of the computer and the name of the shared directory. You may also need to supply a password for the shared directory. Your workg
19、roup administrator or the person whose fax .modem it is can give you this information. 3. When you share a fax modem, anyone using the network can connect to it to send faxes. Because of this, you might receive faxes for Other people in addition to faxes intended for you. You need to forward faxes i
20、ntended for others. 4. You can send a fax from Mail or from an application. When you send a fax from Mail, your fax can include other documents that you attach. When you send a fax from an application, the current document becomes the fax message. You can send the same message to both Mail and PC Fa
21、x recipients at the same time by using a combination of mail and fax addresses. If you send many faxes to the same recipients, you can avoid having to type the fax number each time by adding fax numbers to your Personal Address Book in Mail. 5. You can use the Personal Address Book in Mail to store
22、commonly used fax numbers in addition to commonly used mail addresses. You do not need to include the recipients name when you type a fax address. However, if you have selected the option in Mail to add recipients automatically to the Personal Address Book, and you use a name in the fax address, the
23、 address is added by name rather than by fax number. 6. You can receive a fax directly via a fax modem on your computer, or another person who has a fax modem on their computer can use Mail to forward a fax to you. In either case, incoming faxes appear exactly like incoming mail messages in your Mai
24、l Inbox. You can view a fax on your screen, print it, save it on your hard disk, reply to it, or forward it. 23 A. Adding Fax Numbers to the Personal Address Book B. Specifying the Active Fax Modem C. Receiving a Fax D. Sending a Fax E. Sharing Your Fax Modem F. Using a Fax Modem on the Network 23 P
25、aragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. save it on your hard disk B. send and receive faxes C. set up hardware for the fax modem D. at a tree E. click the Close button on the toolbar F. in addition to faxes intended for you 27 You can use your computer equipped with a f
26、ax modem to _ 28 You can not use more than one fax modem _ 29 When you share a fax modem, you might receive faxes for other people _ 30 When you receive a fax, you can _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Part science and part natural history, ornithology(鸟类学 ) ow
27、es its tremendous popularity as a science and a scientific recreation to a simple circumstance that is sometimes forgotten when we weigh the eligibility(有被选资格，合适 )of different kinds of animals for informal study. Birds are day animals where others, just as engaging in their way mice, for instance ar
28、e creatures of the night. Apart from their visibility (something very much in their favor), the beauty of birds and their many appealing habits have won for them a huge fan following that has more than once tempted impatient and ill-informed laboratory biologists to dismiss ornithology as so much bi
29、rd-watching an absurdly unjust judgment that ignores the fact that ornithology has made a number of profoundly important contributions to general biology. Professional biologists are not hard put to reel off(滔滔不绝地讲 ) a list of distinctive contributions that ornithology has made to general biology sc
30、ience. They will cite, for example, Ernst Mayrs investigations of evolution and the mechanisms of speciation (物种形成 ), or M. R. Irwins work on the immunologic performance of species of Columbidae(pigeons and doves) and of hybrids(杂交种 )between them. Then again, David Lacks studies on mortality in wild
31、 populations of birds are the most illuminating life tables of wild animals and animal demography (统计学 ) generally. Most important of all, perhaps is the contribution that ornithology has made to the study of animal behavior, beginning with Julian Huxley s classic study of the courtship habits of th
32、e great crested great and followed by Niko Tinbergens studies on the behavior of herring gulls. 31 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） Birds are widely studied because they are popular in the home. （ B） Ornithology has made important contributions to biology. （ C） Professional biologists ofte
33、n engage in bird-watching for recreation. （ D） Animal behavior is best studied by observing birds. 32 Why mice are described in the passage as “creatures of the night“ because they are_. （ A） frightening to many people （ B） hunted by birds （ C） studied while in hibernation （ D） active after dark 33
34、Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the first as a reason for popular interest in birds? （ A） Their ecological value. （ B） Their appealing habits. （ C） Their visibility. （ D） Their beauty. 34 The pronoun “They“ in the second paragraph refers to_. （ A） ornithology and general biological scienc
35、e （ B） contributions （ C） professional biologists （ D） birds 35 David Lack s research contributed to biological science specifically in the area of_. （ A） Evolution （ B） mating behavior （ C） animal demography （ D） immunology 36 The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about adv
36、ertisers claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant(致冷剂 ) that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor
37、phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, lowpressure vapor, enters a compressor driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant t
38、o a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pres sure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which tra
39、nsfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature o this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively. The flow direction of r
40、efrigerant through a heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat pumps either to heat or cool room air. Now, if under cer
41、tain conditions a heat pump puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in electrical energy, has the law of energy conservation been challenged? No, not even remotely: the additional input of thermal energy into the circulating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for the difference in the ene
42、rgy equation. Unfortunately, there is one real problem. The heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass moved through the compressor at one time. The heating capacity is proportional to this ma
43、ss flow rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being compressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer through the heat-pump cycle. The volume low rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approximately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor enterin
44、g a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant and thus the thermal energy it carries is less than ii the refrigerant vapor were warmer before compression. Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat pumps: in extremely cold climates where the most hea
45、t is needed heat pumps are least able to supply enough heat. 36 The primary purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） explain the differences in the working of a heat pump when the out-door temperature changes （ B） contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat pumps （ C） describe heat pumps, their u
46、se, and actors affecting their use （ D） advocate the more widespread use of heat pumps 37 The author resolves the question of whether heat pumps run counter to the principle of energy conservation by _. （ A） carefully qualifying the meaning o that principle （ B） pointing out a factual error in the s
47、tatement that gives rise to this question （ C） supplying additional relevant facts （ D） denying the relevance of that principle to heat pumps. 38 It can be inferred from the passage that, in the course of a heating season, the heating capacity of a heat pump is greatest when _. （ A） heating is least
48、 essential （ B） electricity rates are lowest （ C） its compressor runs the fastest （ D） outdoor temperatures hold steady 39 If the authors assessment of the use of heat pumps (in the first paragraph) is correct, which of the following best expresses the lemon that advertisers should learn from this c
49、ase? （ A） Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote. （ B） Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts. （ C） Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client s ability to believe. （ D） Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles. 40 According to the passage, the role of the flo
