1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather. （ A） jumps （ B） rises （ C） falls （ D） changes 2 Did you do that to irritate her? （ A） tease （ B） attract （ C） annoy （ D） protect 3
2、Mary looked pale and weary. （ A） iii （ B） tired （ C） worried （ D） peaceful 4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage (污水 ) （ A） polluted （ B） downgraded （ C） mixed （ D） blackened 5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive. （ A） very boring （ B） very thorough （ C） very i
3、nteresting. （ D） very touching 6 Alice is a fascinating girl. （ A） a beautiful （ B） a pretty （ C） an attractive （ D） a pleasant 7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents. （ A） displayed （ B） shown （ C） proved （ D） assessed 8 The old lady let her flat to an English cou
4、ple. （ A） offered （ B） rented （ C） provided （ D） sold 9 She stood there, crying and trembling with fear. （ A） shaking （ B） staggering （ C） struggling （ D） murmuring 10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so. （ A） ran （ B） rolled （ C） walked （ D） raced 11 The conclusion can be deduced from t
5、he premises. （ A） argued （ B） derived （ C） permitted （ D） come 12 I can no longer tolerate his actions. （ A） put up with （ B） accept （ C） take （ D） suffer from 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. （ A） ask （ B） persuade （ C） assign （ D） order 14 She has been the sub
6、ject of massive media coverage. （ A） extensive （ B） negative （ C） responsive （ D） explosive 15 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs. （ A） supply （ B） reach （ C） provide. （ D） meet 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是
7、错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Plants in Desert Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75 . Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the suns r
8、ay. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants, tearing and damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks
9、 in spring. Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even s
10、till the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time that the water from the spring rains disappearsjust a few weeks after it falls such plants no longer need any. The perennials have special features which enable them to survive
11、as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits
12、 water loss by evaporation. Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry
13、 season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do. 16 Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Net mentioned 17
14、Grasses and flowers in desert are able to survive because they stay in the （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short shows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring. （ A） Right （ B） Wr
15、ong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Winter is the toughest season for grasses and flowers to survive in desert. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Net mentioned 20 The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the suns ray. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The theme of the second last p
16、aragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees lose theirs in wetter climates before winter arrives, but the reasons for this feature are different. （ A） Righ
17、t （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Cloning (克隆 ): Future Perfect ? 1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists
18、 reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊 ) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans
19、 really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world. 2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed
20、 an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year.“ 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws ban
21、ning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is imp
22、ossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸 ) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth th
23、e scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloner
24、s ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人 ). 23 A Strong reactions B Anxiety about the future of cloning C The right to choose D What is cloning? E Arguments in favor of cloning F A common sight 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A the nucleus of a cell B
25、 cloned human beings C a human being in two years D a law to ban human cloning E a report on human cloning F heavy media coverage 27 Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone _. 28 Richard Seeds announcement received _. 29 The United States will introduce _. 30 Within ten years scientists will probab
26、ly have _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream o
27、f new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has faltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的 ) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for
28、 that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology par
29、ks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglec
30、ting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家 ), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the prog
31、rammes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Pla
32、nck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last y
33、ear, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia. 31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? （ A） Technology transfer. （ B） Good management. （ C） Hard work. （ D） Fierce competition. 32 Which of
34、the following is NOT true of traditional university research? （ A） It is free. （ B） It is profit-driven. （ C） It is widely available. （ D） It is curiosity-driven. 33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in （ A） Asia. （ B） USA. （ C） Europe. （ D） Africa. 34 When wa
35、s the Fraunhofer Society founded? （ A） In 1940. （ B） Last year. （ C） After the unification. （ D） In 1949. 35 The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by （ A） experts. （ B） scientists. （ C） scholars. （ D） special knowledge. 36 Superconducting Ceramic (陶瓷 ) An underground revolution begin
36、s this winter. With the flip (轻击 ) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve
37、 enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists elec
38、tric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isnt eas
39、y. A superconducting material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 deg
40、rees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋 ), strontium (锶 ), and calcium (钙 ). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a
41、tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance. The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistanc
42、e. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too. 36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? （ A） With
43、 a flip of switch, electricity can be transmitted. （ B） Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables. （ C） Great amounts of power can be conserved. （ D） Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables. 37 Compared to common electrical conductors,
44、 superconductors （ A） have little or no electrical resistance. （ B） can be used for a long time. （ C） are not energy-efficient. （ D） can be made easily. 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance? （ A） -143 degree Celsius. （ B） -263 degree Celsius. （ C） As long as it
45、 is ice-cold. （ D） Absolute zero. 39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature? （ A） Copper. （ B） Liquidnitrogen. （ C） Clay. （ D） Calcium. 40 According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Other cities hope they can also conserve power. （ B）
46、 Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon. （ C） Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance. （ D） The Frisbie experiment is not successful. 41 The Science of the Future Until recently, the “science of the future“ was supposed to be electronics and artificial in
47、telligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology. Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvel
48、ous synthetic (合成的 ) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find
49、in the bodies of ordinary insects. Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing“ a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be “biotech hearts and eyes“ which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans. The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of who
