1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 He was deceived by her soft words. （ A） taken by （ B） taken off （ C） taken in （ D） taken up 2 Bad living conditions breed social and welfare problems. （ A） give rise to （ B） give in to （ C） bri
2、ng up （ D） bring out 3 Parents who lack the finance to send their children to a private school have to tolerate the state system. （ A） put up with （ B） stand with （ C） stand up to （ D） put themselves to 4 Dont put the box of books on that table; its not very robust. （ A） healthy （ B） large （ C） vigo
3、rous （ D） strong 5 Please dont drop that china vase: its one of my prize possessions. （ A） belongings （ B） ownership （ C） property （ D） shopping 6 Its getting very dim in here. Can you turn on the light, please? （ A） damp （ B） bare （ C） dark （ D） dismal 7 Nurses should give reassurance that secrecy
4、will be maintained. （ A） suspicion （ B） confidentiality （ C） confidence （ D） publicity 8 Many SRT members believe it is both a biological and a divine necessity for a man to be the head of the family. （ A） imperative （ B） alternative （ C） order （ D） matter 9 That is in obvious contrast to the way th
5、ings were. （ A） vacant （ B） utter （ C） stark （ D） austere 10 Grierson remains cautious of offending the public, of moving too quickly. （ A） weary （ B） wary （ C） suspicious （ D） crucial 11 The president of the soccer association said that the two best teams might merge in the next month. （ A） compete
6、 （ B） combine （ C） reshuffle （ D） reconcile 12 Because of Odens uniqueness, he is always performing in the spotlight and subject to public scrutiny. （ A） ridicule （ B） censorship （ C） examination （ D） criticism 13 The middle-aged man was given a cordial reception because he was taken for an eminent
7、writer. （ A） known to be （ B） intended （ C） referred to as （ D） thought to be 14 The carts are painted to correspond to the themed area they are used in. （ A） march with （ B） combine with （ C） standardize （ D） coordinate with 15 Thursday, the terrible noise was substituted by the grim, steady hum of
8、 search and recovery. （ A） replaced （ B） expired （ C） returned （ D） restored 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请 根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perh
9、aps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one
10、really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed. Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zones, and finally the core. The
11、 first three zones are regarded as the Sun s atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins. The Suns outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This
12、 is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Suns rays. The corona in brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, abo
13、ut as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spike-like rays near the Suns north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Suns equator. The corona rays are made up of gases streaming o
14、utward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degree Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Suns corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible. 16 The temperature at the center of the Sun is much hig
15、her than it is at the surface. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 There must be a solid core in the core of the Sun. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 It is proved that the Sun is divided into five layers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The Suns atmosphere only exists
16、 in the first three zones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The corona looks like a moon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Gases are main part in the corona rays. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The corona rays become weak and invisible when they reach the Earth, be
17、cause the Earth is far away from the Sun. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Earth Angels 1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette but
18、ts (烟头 ) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep
19、 the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice, cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach.
20、Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片 ). 2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter
21、and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living th
22、ere. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. T
23、hey did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude“ program runs oil-colle
24、ction sites tanks that hold up to 460 gallons where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that peop
25、le were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as 70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“ Ryan earned the first 70 by doing extra chores (零工 ), but with the help of
26、others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for. people in African countries and developing countries. 23 G Provide Clean Water H Dig Oil Wells I Save Clean Wat
27、er J Dont Litter K Dont Be Crude L Protect Wildlife 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A make new materials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butts F collect disposed oil 27 Joying placed the buckets at all publ
28、ic-access areas to _. 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _. 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _. 30 Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 “
29、Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing saltwater. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Scien
30、ces, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive s
31、alty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 1Om hectares (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants, The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangrove
32、s (红树林 ) that create swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发 )
33、by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take
34、 in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteri
35、stics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 31 Which of the following
36、statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? （ A） They are students at Sussex University. （ B） They are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution.
37、 （ B） to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. （ C） to breed rice plants that taste salty. （ D） to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil. 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? （ A） Natural barriers to sea water have been des
38、troyed. （ B） The water table has gone down after droughts. （ C） Sea level has been continuously rising. （ D） Evaporation of water leaves salt behind. 34 The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by （ A） influence. （ B） effect. （ C） stop. （ D） present. 35 The attitude of the author towa
39、rds the research project is （ A） positive. （ B） negative. （ C） suspicious. （ D） indifferent. 36 Living with Computer After too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretar
40、ys tone seems more rejecting than Id imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid - hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days. For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie R
41、ose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (远程交谈者 ). I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet marling lists, My boyfriend lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated. If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wan
42、ting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (暴风雪 ) of 96 on IV. But after a while, life itself begins to feel unre
43、al. I start to feel as though Ive merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node (节点 ) on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. Its like attending an A. A. meeting in a bar with everyone ho
44、lding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents worst nightmare. What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-intera
45、ction (网上交流 ), coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult. At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that Id never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安慰 ) me, but then Im jarred (使感不快 ) by the commercials. I find myself suck
46、ed in by soap operas, or compulsively (强制性地 ) needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. “Dateline,“ “Frontline,“ “Nightline,“ CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background. 36 Comp
47、ared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent is （ A） obscure. （ B） distinct. （ C） unreal. （ D） misleading. 37 The passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live in （ A） England. （ B） different countries. （ C） the same city. （ D） the same country. 38 Living alone in a hous
48、e, the writer seems to （ A） have totally forgotten her work. （ B） be afraid of her neighbors. （ C） get some comfort from TV programs. （ D） have gone crazy. 39 We learn from the passage that the writer （ A） is fed up with the Net opponents. （ B） prefers people to the computer. （ C） is addicted to the
49、 computer. （ D） does not like human contact. 40 The phrase “coming back out of the cave“ in the fifth paragraph means （ A） coming back home. （ B） giving up the present job. （ C） living a luxurious life. （ D） restoring real human contact. 41 The Body Clock Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up wit
