1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 There is a famous legend here about a strange animal that lives in a cave in the mountains. （ A） history （ B） book （ C） tradition （ D） old story 2 Very few people are prepared to sacrifice the
2、ir own comfort for the good of other people. （ A） lend （ B） burn （ C） kill （ D） give up 3 After the accident, my back was very painful for a long time. （ A） was a pain （ B） hurt a lot （ C） was injured （ D） wounded me 4 My friends parents were very upset when she didnt phone them from my house. （ A）
3、frightened （ B） preoccupied （ C） busy （ D） worried 5 My grandfather would sit for hours on end staring out of the window at the mountains. （ A） before nightfall （ B） continued （ C） without a break （ D） outside 6 The girl practiced ceaselessly to become a professional pianist. （ A） continuously （ B）
4、precisely （ C） largely （ D） basically 7 Many visitors find the tempo of life here very difficult. （ A） kind （ B） growth （ C） speed （ D） spectacle 8 “You want me to send in three men to dig the box up, without making a sound, and get rid of it properly?“ （ A） conform to （ B） deal with （ C） dispose of
5、 （ D） incline to 9 Suddenly the yen will take a big fluctuation and wipe out that advantage we worked so hard to create, （ A） spring （ B） sling （ C） swing （ D） string 10 It is necessary that the membership applications should be dispatched immediately. （ A） depend upon （ B） sent off （ C） discussed （
6、 D） filled out 11 The ground on which the church stands has always been regarded as sacred. （ A） serious （ B） holy （ C） religious （ D） saintly 12 For many years my uncle ran a very successful engineering business. （ A） rewarding （ B） expensive （ C） persuasive （ D） profitable 13 The authorities have
7、drawn up an elaborate plan to combat increasing crime in the city. （ A） a notable （ B） a careful （ C） an extraordinary （ D） a detailed 14 After examining the patient, the doctors could find no physiological cause for his illness. （ A） psychological （ B） artificial （ C） physical （ D） mental 15 The od
8、ds against you winning the national lottery are millions to one. （ A） possibility （ B） chances （ C） statistics （ D） opportunity 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷
9、风 ) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏半状的 ) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the
10、 funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado tur
11、ned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said.“ I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色 ). Then it sounded like a t
12、rain rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The he
13、avy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and tr
14、ucks because of-the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and stat
15、e officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走 ). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“ 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County
16、 on Saturday evening. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a firefighter. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged duri
17、ng the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull, County for a hundred years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Several people were mis
18、sing during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个 最佳选项。 23 Weight Experiment Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why hum
19、ans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a calorimeter (执着量测量室 ) is one way to find out. 1. The signs above the two rooms read simply Chamber One and Chamber Two. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science.
20、 Outside these rooms another sign reads Please do not enter-work in progress and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. 2. Nicola
21、Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she wa
22、s able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out. 3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the ro
23、om. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular interval
24、s, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. 4. The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the ti
25、me, says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板 ) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didnt go too fast: 5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are
26、 less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions. 23 A What does the calorimeter look like inside?
27、B What program was designed for the experiment? C What is a calorimeter? D What is the first impression? E How do the volunteers kill the time? F Why did Nicola join in the experiments? 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A the volunteers do B because she does not
28、have a weight problem C because the life there can be very boring D make people overeat E because she was her own boss F after passing a high-protein test 27 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _. 28 Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _. 29 Volunteers have to get prepa
29、red for the time in the calorimeter _. 30 The experiments show that high-fat diets _. 四 、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Valuing Childhood The value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清 ) in todays world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers i
30、n the Jonesboro, Ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago. Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able t
31、o address the court couldnt begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive m youthful jealousy (妒忌 ) and resentment. But a deeper question remains: Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint? That question echoes
32、 for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girls bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids. Redemption (拯救 ) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in insti
33、tutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not cannot be m dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. Thats why politicians cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. But the moral void (真空 ) that
34、invites violence has many sources. Family instability contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether theyre doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their
35、 activities and their developing processes of thought? Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance (遵守 ). The goal, ultimately, is to allow all childr
36、en a normal passage from childhood to adulthood (成年 ), so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who dont go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide and which progressiv
37、e human society relies on. 31 The two boys in Chicago were （ A） shot. （ B） murdered. （ C） accused. （ D） sentenced. 32 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of （ A） right and wrong. （ B） discipline. （ C） shame. （ D） safety. 33 According to politicians, when children commit crime
38、s, they should be treated in the same way as （ A） murderers. （ B） criminals. （ C） victims, （ D） adults. 34 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void? （ A） Official corruption. （ B） Social injustice. （ C） Family instability. （ D） Racial discrimination. 35 Which of the stat
39、ements is NOT true according to this passage? （ A） Parents should strengthen moral instruction. （ B） Schools should help create a moral sense in children. （ C） Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws. （ D） Youth organizations play no role in building character. 36 Ha
40、cking People tend to think of computers as isolated machines, working away all by themselves. Some do -personal computer without an outside link, like someones hideaway (隐蔽的 ) cabin in the woods. But just as most of homes are tied to a community by streets, bus routes and electric lines, computers t
41、hat exchange intelligence are part of a community local, national and even global network joined by telephone connections. The computer network is a creation of the electric age, but it is based on old-fashioned trust. It cannot work without trust. A rogue loose (为所欲为的无赖 ) in a computer system calle
42、d hacker (黑客 ) is worse than a thief entering your house. He could go through anyones electronic mail or add to, change, distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computers memory. He could even take control of the entire system by placing his own instructions in the software that
43、runs it. He could shut the computer down whenever he wished, and no one could stop him. Then he could program the computer to erase any sign of his eve having been there. Hacking, our electronic-age term for computer break-in, is more and more in the news brainy kids vandalizing university records,
44、even pranking (胡闹 ) about in supposedly safeguarded systems. To those who understand how computer networks are increasingly regulating life in the late 20th century, these are not laughing matters. A potential for disaster is building: A dissatisfied former insurance-company employee wipes out infor
45、mation from payroll (工资表 ) files. A student sends out a “virus“, a secret and destructive command, over a national network. The virus copies itself at lightning speed, jamming the entire network thousands of academic, commercial and government computer systems. Such disastrous cases have already occ
46、urred. Now exists the possibility of terrorism by computer. Spoiling a system responsible for air-traffic control at a busy airport, or knocking out the telephones of a major city, is a relatively easy way to spread panic. Yet neither business nor government has done enough to toughen its defenses a
47、gainst attack. For one thing, such defenses are expensive; for another, they may interrupt communication m the main reason for using computers in the first place. 36 The writer mentions “a thief“ in the second paragraph （ A） to show that a hacker is more dangerous than a thief. （ B） to tell people t
48、hat thieves like to steal computers nowadays. （ C） to demand that a protective computer system should be set up against thieves. （ D） to demonstrate that hackers and thieves are the same people. 37 The word “vandalizing“ in Line 17 means （ A） stealing. （ B） creating. （ C） destroying. （ D） updating.
49、38 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Hacking is also known as computer break-in. （ B） Experts on computer networks consider hacking nothing serious. （ C） Hacking is a widespread concern. （ D） Hacking is potentially disastrous. 39 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an instance of attack by a hacker? （ A） Deleting information in the computers memory. （ B） Shutting down the computer wh
