1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories. （ A） third （ B） fourth （ C） tenth （ D） fifteenth 2 He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want. （ A） sure （
2、 B） angry （ C） doubtful （ D） worried 3 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the middle ages. （ A） never （ B） rarely （ C） often （ D） only 4 They didnt realize how serious the problem was. （ A） know （ B） forget （ C） doubt （ D） remember 5 The city has decided to do away with
3、all the old buildings in its center. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repair （ D） paint 6 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy. （ A） fetched （ B） carried （ C） attracted （ D） pushed 7 The last few weeks have been enjoyable. （ A） close （ B） near （ C） past （ D） several
4、8 There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgement （ C） estimation （ D） event 9 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasant （ B） clean （ C） peaceful （ D） large 10 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle. （ A） placed （ B
5、） showed （ C） pointed （ D） decided 11 What were the consequences of the decision she had made? （ A） reasons （ B） results （ C） causes （ D） bases 12 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city. （ A） attacked （ B） surprised （ C） attracted （ D） interested 13 We shall keep the mon
6、ey in a secure place. （ A） clean （ B） secret （ C） distant （ D） safe 14 How do you account for your absence from the class last thursday? （ A） explain （ B） examine （ C） choose （ D） expand 15 She was grateful to him for being so good to her. （ A） careful （ B） hateful （ C） beautiful （ D） thankful 二、 阅读
7、判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Sonic Device The other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along
8、 the campus, places and impediments (障碍物 ) in his path seemed to call out their names to him - “library here, library here“, “bench here, bench here“. Dr. Smith was testing a prototype (样机 ) navigation system for the blind that anounced the surrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mou
9、nted to a computer in his back-pack, creating a virtual reality landscape(仿真影像 ). The information came not from some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the militarys network of gloal positioning satellites(全球定位卫星 ). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized(小型化的 ) versions of this na
10、vigation devices, which now weighs twenty-eight pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods. “With this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going“, said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie-Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith
11、 to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could walk clown the street and know not just he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen(熟食店 ) was up ahead. This navigation system tells you not just
12、 where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically. “ It lets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and learn their way around. The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic display(仿真声音显示 ). This is a talking map in which
13、 large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that information for guidance. While no on
14、e knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing, those who have tried the system say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sensory paychophysics (感官心理物理学 ) - ho
15、w the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate, “ Dr. Oberdor said. 16 Thanks to the help of this sonic device, blind people can hear obstacles in the way speaking out their names. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Dr. Smith hopes to make
16、 this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Although this device will be useful, most of the blind may not afford it. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can lead the blind people t
17、o the exact place he/she wants to go. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The blind can hear better than ordinary people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Scientists intend to reduce the weight of this device to ten pound. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Sensory psycho
18、physics play a vital part in the invention of this device. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个 选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 LED Lighting 1 An accidental discovery announced recently has ta
19、ken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb. The breakthrough adds to a growing trend that is likely to eventually make Thomas Edisons bright invention obsolete. LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashligh
20、ts, and architectural lighting. They are flexible and operate less expensively than traditional lighting. 2 Michael Bowers, a graduate student at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dots, which are crystals generally only a few nanometers big. Quantum dots contain any
21、 where from 100 to 1,000 electrons. Theyre easily excited bundles of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers particular batch was exceptionally small, containing only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms. 3 When you shine a light on quantum dots or apply electricity to the
22、m, they react by producing their own light, normally a bright, vibrant color. But when Bowers shined a laser on his batch of dots, something unexpected happened. He was surprised when a white glow covered the table. The quantum dots were supposed to emit blue light, but instead they were giving off
23、a beautiful white glow. 4 Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix. The lumpy bulb wasnt pretty, but it produced white light similar to a regular light bulb. 5 LEDs produce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bul
24、b and burn for over 50,000 hours. The Department of Energy estimates LED lighting could reduce U.S. energy consumption for lighting by 29 percent by 2025. LEDs dont emit heat, so theyre also more energy efficient. And theyre much harder to break. 6 Quantum dot mixtures could be painted on just about
25、 anything and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors, including white. The main light source of the future will almost surely not be a bulb. It might be a table, a wall, or even a fork. A. LED Lighting Is Not Mature B. LED Lighting Will Replace Traditional Lighting C. Almost Everything
26、Could Be the Main Light Source in the Future D. LED Lighting Has Many Advantages E. Bowers Made an Unexpected Discovery F. LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy 23 Paragraph 1 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 5 _. 26 Paragraph 6 _. 26 A. traditional lighting is less durable and dearer B. a laser excited the q
27、uantum dots C. America adopted LEDS D. graduate students work hard E. quantum dot mixtures are magic F. it is more efficient 27 Unlike traditional lighting, LEDs do not give out heat so _. 28 Edisons bright invention is likely to be outdated because _. 29 Something unexpected happened during Bowers
28、experiment when _. 30 Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 American Immigrants The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present ) in the United states has been creeping
29、upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s. We are not about to go back to the days when congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. T
30、heir loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did. We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians-and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed grea
31、tly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success. Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist
32、Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the foot
33、steps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired(陷入 ) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入 )segregated substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any
34、ethnic group in the country. We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or t
35、o adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores. Th
36、at is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for th
37、e latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right. 31 How were immigrants viewed by U.S. congress in early days? （ A） They were of inferior races. （ B） They were a source of political corruption. （ C） They were a threat to the nations security. （ D） They we
38、re part of the nations bloodstream. 32 What does the author think of the new immigrants? （ A） They will be a dynamic work force in the U. S. （ B） They can do just as well as their predecessors. （ C） They will be very disappointed on the new land. （ D） They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream
39、. 33 What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans? （ A） They may slowly improve from generation to generation. （ B） They will do better in terms of educational attainment. （ C） They will melt into the African-American community. （ D） They may forever remain poor and underachieving. 3
40、4 What should be done to help the new immigrants? （ A） Rid them of their inferiority complex. （ B） Urge them to adopt American customs. （ C） Prevent them from being marginalized. （ D） Teach them standard American English. 35 According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is （ A） H
41、ow to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents （ B） How to help immigrants to better fit into American society （ C） How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border （ D） How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S. 35 Sustainable Development of Agriculture Sustainable
42、development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is of
43、ten taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed,
44、 clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分 ) captured in the product it was relatively inefficien
45、t. Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat (栖息地 )loss and to diminishing biod
46、iversity. Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions. All this means
47、that agriculture in the 21s tcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agric
48、ulture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons (正反两方面 ) of all the various w
49、ay land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is crucial is recogni
