1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 23及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 2 The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. （ A） long （ B） never-ending （ C） boring （ D）
2、 extensive 3 She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 4 The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 5 Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （
3、 C） fashionable （ D） different 6 He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 7 Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese. （ A） writes （ B） sketches （ C） describes （ D） indicates 8 Dont irritate her, shes on a short fuse t
4、oday. （ A） tease （ B） attract （ C） annoy （ D） protect 9 It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather. （ A） ridiculous （ B） funny （ C） odd （ D） interesting 10 I notified him that my address had changed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 11 The manager allocate duties to the clerk
5、s. （ A） assign （ B） persuade （ C） ask （ D） order 12 The once barren hillsides are now good farmland. （ A） hairless （ B） bare （ C） empty （ D） bald 13 It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. （ A） challenged （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 14 We must
6、abide by the rules. （ A） stick to （ B） persist in （ C） safeguard （ D） apply 15 From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny. （ A） position （ B） point of view （ C） knowledge （ D） opinion 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题 ，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如
7、果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Biodiesel Yuthachai of Thailand has invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biodiesel is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it limits
8、 the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which have become increasingly expensive. Yuthachai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodiesel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fuel at s
9、ervice stations, but refuses to sell his patent, despite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible to farmers, so they can make their own fuel. There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachais is one of the most bas
10、ic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one part kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines. Despite the public interest in biodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachais fuel. Since there is currently no regulatory sy
11、stem for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachais fuel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700,000 liters a day of biodiesel made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 4 6 US cents che
12、aper than diesel. According to some scientists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to refine
13、the waste oil is being built in Thailand. The plant will show the biodiesel-making potential of 60,000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily. Other Asian countries have been researching biodiesel Malaysia, and the Philippines for 20 years but Thailand is the first country to have
14、public policy supporting its commercialization. That trend looks like continuing, with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until thats working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais. 16 Thailand suffers a lot due to
15、 the price slumps of its biodiesel. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
16、19 Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Yuthachais fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not m
17、entioned 21 Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US-Thailand joint venture in Bangkok. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers interest before his own. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (
18、第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Local Newspapers in Britain 1. Britain has a large circulation (发行量 ) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.
19、 On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. 2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every loc
20、al paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. 3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know
21、 the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this weeks edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. 4. The editor of a
22、local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the
23、 opportunity of keeping their products in the public eyes. 5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can so
24、metimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest. A. Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen B. Service Provided by Local Newspapers C. Large Circulation of the National Newspapers D. Speci
25、al Features of Local Newspapers E. Power of Local Newspapers F. Popularity of Local Newspapers 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. a lot of money B. national people C. morning D. local people E. national issues F. local issues 27 British people have the habi
26、t of reading newspapers in the_. 28 Many local newspapers in Britain are making_. 29 Local newspapers are well received because they carry articles that please_. 30 Local newspapers rarely give opinions on_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Gene Industry Maj
27、or companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes (酶 ) in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor (微处理器 ) that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls metal-hungry
28、 microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechno
29、logical (生物科技的 ) field. They create images not of oil spills, but of microbe spills that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are
30、talking about possibilities that stagger (使震惊 ) the imagination. Should we breed people with cowlike stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for
31、 example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate inferior people and breed a super-race? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we p
32、roduce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic (遗传的 ) forecasting to pre-eliminate (除去 ) unfit (不合适的 ) babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank “ full of spare kidney, livers, or hands? Wild as thses notions may sound, every one h
33、as its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the s
34、ame way sa assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance boomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploitde and a market for the new technology will be created. “ 31 According to the passage, the new biology could poten
35、tially solve the pollution problem of automobiles by （ A） using metal-hungry microbes. （ B） making use of enzymes. （ C） adjusting the engines. （ D） patenting new lifeforms. 32 According to the passage, which of the following would most probably worry the critics of the following would most probably
36、worry the critics of the new biology? （ A） The microbes in the ocean warter. （ B） The creation and application of biological solar cells. （ C） The accidental oil spills. （ D） The unexpected release of destructive micrbes. 33 Which of the following possibilities of the biotechnological applications i
37、s NOT mentioned in the third paragraph? （ A） Developing a savings bank of ones orangs. （ B） Breeding soldiers for a war. （ C） Producing people with cow-like stomachs. （ D） Using genetic forecasting to curt diseases. 34 According to the passage, Hitler had attempted to （ A） biologically change the pi
38、lots to win the war. （ B） develop genetic farming for increasing the food supply. （ C） kill the people he thought of as being inferior. （ D） encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war. 35 What is the implication of the sratement of Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard? （ A） The commercial appl
39、ications of genetic engineering are inevitable. （ B） Large-scale genetic engineering has occurred in the Untied States. （ C） Americans are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetic technologies. （ D） The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled. 35 Male and Fema
40、le Pilots Cause Accidents Differently Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision making. While female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling (错误地处理 ) the aircraft (航行器 ). These are the results o
41、f a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent o
42、f all aviation deaths“ in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots, “ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperienc
43、e are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash. The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general av
44、iation (航行 ) crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circ
45、umstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males
46、. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel (燃料 ), and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. The majority of the crashes - 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males - involved at least o
47、ne type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females (accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking,
48、 and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect (过失 ). Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterparts. 36 What is the research at Johns Hopk
49、ins University about? （ A） Causes of aircraft crash. （ B） Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes. （ C） Causes of mishandling aircraft. （ D） Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States. 37 Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph? （ A） Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source of aviation accidents in the United States. （ B） Male pilots, like male vehicle drivers, are more likely to have accidents th
