1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. （ A） delayed （ B） quick （ C） positive （ D） unfavorable 2 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games whe
2、n an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. （ A） beats （ B） matches （ C） maintains （ D） announces 3 The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. （ A） demanded （ B） elicited （ C） extracted （ D） defied 4 It was hard
3、to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. （ A） unforgettable （ B） unbelievable （ C） unfair （ D） unthinkable 5 The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached. （ A） boundary （ B） skeleton （ C） enclosure （ D） material 6 The use of the chemical may
4、 present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. （ A） protection （ B） indication （ C） immunity （ D） danger 7 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. （ A） error （ B） function （ C） attraction （ D） miracle 8 The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutio
5、nized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely. （ A） compactly （ B） inexpensively （ C） quick （ D） carefully 9 The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centries were fascinated by comets. （ A） intrigued （ B） infected （ C） inconvenienced （ D） inclined
6、 10 In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems. （ A） solved （ B） explored （ C） involved （ D） disputed 11 They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means. （ A） solve （ B） determine （ C） untie （ D） compl
7、ete 12 The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman. （ A） wept （ B） cried （ C） ran （ D） shook 13 We were shocked to find that Mary didt know her guests name. （ A） frustrated （ B） disturbed （ C） relieved （ D） surprised 14 I have got to abide by the rules. （ A） stick to （ B） persist in
8、（ C） safeguard （ D） apply 15 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east. （ A） extends （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D） travels 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Kitchen Design Over the years eco
9、nomic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one. Also, the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family. Envi
10、ronmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of household material, as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drink
11、ing water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why its important to consider adding a water filter system. The character of todays kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. Theres more sophistication in food preparati
12、on, and more technological help with cooking and clean-up. When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raise
13、d or recessed panels of wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, dont be afraid to mix and match styles. Because many of todays kitchens consist of two or more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more cou
14、nter space, cook tops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing, the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement. Appliance technology is moving at a ve
15、ry fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen. Dont limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or t
16、wo sets of cook tops, one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit think of it as saving time in the long run. 16 A well-designed kitchen should be modern, beautiful and practical at the same time. （ A） Right （
17、 B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Being harmless to the environment is the top priority in kitchen design. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Quality matters the most when you are choosing kitchen cabinets. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 More counter space, cook tops and sink are
18、 needed in todays kitchens because food preparation is more complicated than it used to be. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The design of the sink is indicative of a kitchen designers intelligence. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Means of saving labor, appliances should be re
19、placed whenever new models come out. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 It is the amount of time you can spend in the kitchen that decides how many appliances of the same kind you should buy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 2
20、3-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Transport and Trade 1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the
21、 distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a, small scale. 2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade
22、. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, “drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carr
23、y the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3 Transport also prevents was
24、te. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the
25、 year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before
26、. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport h
27、ave a lower standard of living. 5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world.
28、In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A. Higher living standard B. Importance of transport in trade C. Various means of transport D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade E. Role of information in trade F. Public transportation 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragra
29、ph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a large scale E. the transport of goods F. it is possible to produce on a large scale 27 The development of modem
30、 means of transport _. 28 Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly _. 29 Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _. 30 In the trade of modem society the transmission of information plays as important a role as _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分， 共 45分
31、 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The News Industry in US Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long serf-analysis known as the journalism cred
32、ibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journal
33、ists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a soci
34、al and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Th
35、en residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to go to church, do volunteer work
36、, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash o
37、f world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicate
38、d to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for
39、 reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 31 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Needs of the readers all over the world. （ B） Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. （ C） Origins of the declining newspaper industry. （ D） Aims of a journalism credibilit
40、y project. 32 The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be _. （ A） quite trustworthy （ B） somewhat contradictory （ C） very illuminating （ D） rather superficial 33 The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _. （ A） working attitude （ B） conventio
41、nal lifestyle （ C） world outlook （ D） educational background 34 Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its _. （ A） failure to realize its real problem （ B） tendency to hire annoying reporters （ C） likeliness to do inaccurate reporting （ D） prejudice in
42、matters of race and gender 35 How does the author probably feel about the present newspaper industry? （ A） It is a promising industry. （ B） It is a prosperous industry. （ C） It is an out-of-date industry. （ D） It is a troubled industry. 35 Explorer of the Extreme Deep Oceans cover more than two-thir
43、ds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a m
44、anned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about
45、time for an upgrade ,WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director Of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a to
46、tal of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land. “ Fomari says. “We can walk around and
47、see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements. “ Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin. Itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneu
48、verable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every
49、 second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. Itll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour. 36 What is Alvin? （ A） A research institute. （ B） A transporting vehicle. （ C） A submersible. （ D） A scientist. 37 Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? （ A） It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters. （ B） It has played a key role in
