1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The Commission has also begun looking into the role of climate. （ A） roll （ B） road （ C） part （ D） character 2 This tape-recorder has a tape-slide facility. （ A） tool （ B） faculty （ C） buildin
2、g （ D） sign 3 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories. （ A） private （ B） friendly （ C） strong （ D） secret 4 Customers often defer payment as long as possible. （ A） make （ B） demand （ C） obtain （ D） postpone 5 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel un
3、easy. （ A） different （ B） proud （ C） unconscious （ D） uncomfortable 6 The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. （ A） demanded （ B） elicited （ C） extracted （ D） defied 7 In the United States educational system, intermediat
4、e school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school. （ A） stage （ B） notion （ C） pattern （ D） alternative 8 She is very conscientious about her work. （ A） worried （ B） careful （ C） anxious （ D） nervous 9 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress. （ A） despair
5、（ B） difficulties （ C） need （ D） danger 10 The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets. （ A） intrigued （ B） infected （ C） inconvenienced （ D） inclined 11 Unfortunately war started suddenly in the Middle East on October 6, 1973. （ A） broke out （ B） bro
6、ke off （ C） broke through （ D） broke away 12 My mother has lived separately since my father died 20 years ago. （ A） single （ B） alone （ C） sole （ D） lonely 13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. （ A） in （ B） around （ C） from （ D） before 14 Jack is a diligent student. （ A） hardw
7、orking （ B） ambitious （ C） lazy （ D） slow 15 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank. （ A） altered （ B） changed （ C） bought （ D） sold 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Computer Mou
8、se The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the pa
9、ge with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing
10、 devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screen, but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text, it became clear that a
11、 pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. How does the mouse wor
12、k? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair
13、of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is bloc
14、ked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interp
15、rets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Even
16、tually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts. 16 Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to the author, general computer users need not know how the computer mouse
17、 was invented. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
18、Not mentioned 20 When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that t
19、he former has no moving parts. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Fridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packag
20、ed food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator. “ 2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday a
21、nd surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3 The invention of the fridge Contributed comparatively little to the art of food
22、preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed natural cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling. 4 What refrigeration did promote was marketing marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search o
23、f a good price. 5 Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expan
24、se, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont bel
25、ieve me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least youll get ride of that terrible hum. A. The invention of the fridge B. The pollution caused by fridges C. The widespread need for fridge D. The days without the fridge E.
26、 The waste of energy caused by fridges F. The fridges contribution to commerce 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 4 _. 25 Paragraph 5 _. 26 Paragraph 6 _. 26 A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities C. foods can be preserved D. most kids li
27、ke iced soft drinks E. every housewife needs food F. the fridge produced when it is working 27 Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because _. 28 The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which _. 29 An important contribution
28、made by the invention of the fridge is that _. 30 If you stop using the fridge, at least you wont be troubled by the noise _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Pool Watch Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in tr
29、ouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when
30、 it sees someone in danger of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. “In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, “ says Alistair MeQuade,
31、a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories(轨道，轨线 ). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someon
32、e being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around. “ says McQuade. The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with
33、an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory. To pick out potential drowning victi
34、ms, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by
35、 seeing whether it obscures the pools floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impre
36、ssed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools - and he was once an underwater escapologist (表演脱身术的人 )with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives, “ he says. But he adds that any local authority s
37、pending 230,000 - plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim. 31 AI means the same as （ A） an image. （ B） an idea. （ C） anyone in the water. （ D） artificial intelligence. 32 What is required of AI software to save a life? （ A） It must be able to swim
38、. （ B） It must keep walking round the pool. （ C） It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow. （ D） It can save a life within a few months. 33 How does Poseidon save a life? （ A） He plunges into the pool. （ B） It alerts the lifeguard. （ C） He cries for help. （ D） It rushes to the pool. 34 Which
39、 of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true? （ A） He runs. （ B） He invented the clockwork radio. （ C） He was once an entertainer. （ D） He runs a company. 35 The word “considered“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by （ A） thought. （ B） rated. （ C） regarded. （ D） believed. 35 “Hid
40、den“ Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic(隐蔽的；隐藏的 )species - animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant -may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity(生物 多样性 )estimates and wildlife manage
41、ment, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution. Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA (脱氧核糖核酸 ) sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt
42、, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical(生物地理学的 )regions. Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were p
43、redominantly found in insects and reptiles(爬行动物 ), and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate(温带的 )regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered,“ says Pfenninge
44、r. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon(分类单元 )is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, “It could be as high as 30%,“ Pfenninger says. “Im extremely surprised by their results, “ says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario,
45、Canada. “Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. “ Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers
46、will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding (非杂交繁殖的 ) species, the African bush elephant and the African eleph
47、ant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU). The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant
48、consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria(疟疾 )in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling(同胞，同属 )species, only three of which transmitted the disease.“ The ba
49、sic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with,“ Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied. 36 Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true? （ A） The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas. （ B） The results of the research can help the development of biodiversi
