1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 29及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. （ A） abuse （ B） flavor （ C） temptation （ D） consumption 2 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. （ A） solving （ B） exploring （ C） sett
2、ling （ D） handling 3 These are their motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） excuses （ C） answers （ D） plans 4 These programmes are of immense value to old people. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 5 The food is insufficient for three people. （ A） instant （ B） infinite （ C） inexpensive
3、 （ D） inadequate 6 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. （ A） twists （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D） bends 7 John is collaborating with mary in writing an article. （ A） cooperating （ B） competing （ C） combining （ D） arguing 8 But in the end he approved of our proposal. （ A） undo
4、ubtedly （ B） certainly （ C） ultimately （ D） necessarily 9 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. （ A） evaluation （ B） efficiency （ C） production （ D） publicity 10 Thousands of people perished in the storm. （ A） died （ B） suffered （ C） floated （ D） scattered 11 A g
5、reat deal has been done to remedy the situation. （ A） maintain （ B） improve （ C） assess （ D） protect 12 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory. （ A） functions （ B） faults （ C） motions （ D） parts 13 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A
6、） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （ D） relieved 14 For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business. （ A） strange （ B） complex （ C） personal （ D） funny 15 He is determined to consolidate his power. （ A） strengthen （ B） control （ C） abandon （ D） exercise 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下
7、面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with e
8、ach other. The Channel Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon. As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed
9、a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
10、“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves,“ project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
11、they use or sounds they make. “ Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot. “ He said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sou
12、nd. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey. “ “When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales. “ Berrow said. References in local legend indicate there have been dol
13、phins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century. They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them. 16 The differenc
14、e in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Ronan Hickey analyzed almost 2000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Of the 32 categories, eig
15、ht were produced only by the Irish dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphin
16、s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not
17、mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of ener
18、gy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet w
19、e can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的 ) radiation is an el
20、ectromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking
21、 food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat
22、 cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as r
23、ain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on che
24、mical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用 ) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子 ) r
25、earrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦 ).
26、Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns
27、 Energy B. The Most Important Source of Energy C. Types of Electromagnetic Energy D. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer. E. Seeking New Sources of Energy F. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with Coal 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 26 A. electromagne
28、tic energy B. electromagnetic energy travels through space C. came from the sun D. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place E. when the sunrays are fierce F. chemical energy is generated 27 Visible light that produce warmth is an example of _. 28 We can use energy from the sun because _.
29、29 The energy stored in coal _. 30 _ when electron rearrangement takes place. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Smart Window Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. How
30、ever, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch. “It took us a long time to figure out what a win
31、dow really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. “ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel
32、when theyre stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to tu
33、rn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of stra
34、tegies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of ch
35、emical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So ap
36、plying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory. “ All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere
37、from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different. “ 31 Which of the following statements does not indicate th
38、e importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs? （ A） Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy. （ B） Windows help to save energy by letting light in. （ C） Windows help to save energy by providing heat. （ D） Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world. 32
39、 When are windows the weak link in a building? （ A） In the cold winter. （ B） In the hot summer. （ C） When air conditioners are turned on. （ D） Both and . 33 What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4 ? （ A） Windows that are coated. （ B） Windows that are glazed. （ C） Windows the color of which
40、can be changed. （ D） Windows that have many layers. 34 To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass? （ A） Electricity. （ B） Tungsten oxide. （ C） A battery. （ D） A voltage. 35 What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, acc
41、ording to the last paragraph? （ A） The buildings will look different. （ B） Windows can be as large as you want. （ C） We may not need air conditioners any more. （ D） They are less expensive than traditional windows. 35 “Hidden“ Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species animals that appear id
42、entical but are genetically quite distant may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution. Reports of cryptic species have i
43、ncreased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal pr
44、oportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions. Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions
45、. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered. “ Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cr
46、yptic species exist. “It could be as high as 30%. “ Pfenninger says. “Im extremely surprised by their results. “ Says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. “Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. “ Sampling as many individuals as po
47、ssible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of cryptic species include the Africa
48、n elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU). The reclassification
49、s are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. “The basic unit in biology is always the spec
