1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The FBI selected out possible traitors out of the organization. （ A） screened （ B） screamed （ C） separated （ D） sheltered 2 The professors suggest that the essence of principled negotiation is
2、to separate the person from the problem and on focus on interests, and not to position. （ A） abstract （ B） core （ C） subtract （ D） idea 3 Designers generally have the area constructed so that the waste goes out in stages. （ A） set out （ B） set up （ C） set back （ D） set on 4 We do not recognize the a
3、ll-comprehensive effects of a center on every aspect of our life. （ A） extensive （ B） encompassing （ C） spreading （ D） encountering 5 It could easily take a year for travelers to reach St. Petersburg from the Pacific shores of the kingdom. （ A） area （ B） region （ C） realm （ D） arena 6 In Russia toda
4、y, the younger people are adapting far more readily to the turmoil of the emerging market system. （ A） change （ B） chorus （ C） chaos （ D） chores 7 On this trip, Frank made a coordinated effort to get along with the press. （ A） sedate （ B） concerted （ C） concrete （ D） seclusive 8 The dentist had to r
5、emove two teeth because they were decaying. （ A） going bad （ B） destroying （ C） going to pieces （ D） rotten 9 I was going to speak to an old friend across the room, but she ignored me. （ A） regretted （ B） without regard to （ C） took no notice of （ D） neglected 10 A spokeswoman for the company promis
6、ed that they would investigate our complaint. （ A） speaker （ B） lecturer （ C） actress （ D） representative 11 Id like to report a theft: someone has stolen my bicycle. （ A） criminal （ B） robbery （ C） protection （ D） stealing 12 We in Japan keep an eye out for our self-interest. （ A） look at （ B） look
7、 up （ C） look back （ D） look out 13 While he was in prison, his guards deprived him of all luxuries. （ A） gave him （ B） took away （ C） carried him away （ D） took out 14 Imagine my dismay when I got home to find that my apartment had been broken into. （ A） sadness （ B） anger （ C） pleasure （ D） impati
8、ence 15 An old man stood outside the cinema rattling a tin and asking for money. （ A） hiring （ B） shaking （ C） slamming （ D） bouncing 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Hydroponics, the science of growing plan
9、ts, in water or inert substances, represents one of the most innovative practices in modern agricultural development. Not only does it allow greater of the plant growth process, it permits the production of crops in hostile infertile environments. The first widely publicized soilless gardening exper
10、iments were conducted during the 1930s. W. F. Gericke varied nutrient levels among specimens suspended in a gravel substrate (沙砾基质 ) to demonstrate remarkable alterations in growth. Among the findings that amazed his fellow horticulturists was the production of tomato plants over 6 meters high. The
11、original hydroponics gardens merely consisted of plants floating in water. It was later discovered that the roots could survive in a number of media, as long as they were supplied with sufficient moisture, nutrients and oxygen. A variety of materials are used in recent versions including gravel, san
12、d, peat, sawdust, plastics and so on. Indeed, one of the most productive methods involves suspending plants in air with a Styrofoam support and spraying them occasionally with nutrient solution to keep them moist. Many different kinds of materials are suitable for physically containing plants, yet a
13、ll of these systems share one trait: the culture solution. This nutrient bath is prepared in a tank by dissolving salts which provide the necessary chemicals for plant metabolism. Constant care must be taken to assure that the sodium chloride(氯化纳 )levels in the tank do not reach excessive levels as
14、the plants draw water and minerals out of the solution. The acidity of the tank must also be maintained around 6.0 to 6.5 depending on the specific type of plants being harvested. Although soilless farming is generally more expensive than utilizing fertile land, there are many advantages that make i
15、t an important alternative to traditional practices. Herbicides and pesticides are unnecessary because of the controlled environment. The plants also need less space to grow because their nutrient uptake is significantly more efficient. The most outstanding benefit, though, is the ability to produce
16、 crops in areas with poor soil conditions or insufficient rainfall. 16 Earth is mentioned by the author as a necessity for hydroponics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It was discovered that roots could survive in many different kinds of materials. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentione
17、d 18 According to the passage, the higher cost would be a good reason not to use hydroponics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The original hydroponics gardens merely consisted of plants floating in inert substances. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The soilless farming is gene
18、rally cheaper than traditional practices. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 One of the advantages of using hydroponics is increased pesticides and herbicides. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The passage mainly discusses how to control plant growth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） No
19、t mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 A new drug shows hope of conquering a form of leukemia by targeting the misbehaving cells two summers ago Douglas Jenson was so wiped out from battling c
20、hronic myelogenous(骨髓性的 ) leukemia(白血病 ) (CML) that he could do little more than sit by his window; watching the numbers on a thermometer rise and fall with the sun. Today thanks to an experimental drug called STI571 (brand name: Glivec), Jenson 67, is biking in Oregon and planning a trip to the Car
21、ibbean. “I feel wonderful,“ he says. 2. So do his doctors. STI571, a “smart bomb“ drug that targets leukemia cells without harming healthy ions, first made headlines last year when researchers announced that white blood counts had returned to normal in 31 out of 31 patients who had taken the pill. L
22、ast week scientists were hack reporting new data on just over 1000 patients. In one trial, more than 90 % of 532 people on the drug saw counts return to normal. And under microscopic examination, 28 percent showed no evidence of cancer left in their bone marrow. 3. The drug even helped, although not
23、 as dramatically, some patients in the final “blast“ phase of the disease, when survival is measured in months. STI571“has ignited the cancer-research field“, says Dr Brian Druker, an Oregan Health Sciences University researcher who developed the drug with manufacturer Novartis. 4. CML, diagnosed in
24、 5100 Americans every year, is triggered when two chromosomes swap fragments of genetic information. CML starts with the mistaken swap of genes between two chromosomes. The resulting “Philadelphia chromosome“ produces the mutant Bcr-Abl protein. Bcr-Abl transfers a phosphate from the chemical messen
25、ger ATP to other proteins. They initiate a flawed signal to white blood cells to replicate incessantly. 5. STI571 returns blood counts back to normal for those patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) in a “smart bomb way“ by targeting the protein that sends the message to make the white bloo
26、d cells. Bone marrow transplants can work extremely well, but they re applicable only for a minority of patients; otherwise, standard treatment is the injectable drug interferon. Many patients, however, cannot tolerate the adverse effects, which include severe fatigue, weight loss and depression. Th
27、e new pill works by deactivating the cancer cells growth signal. Side effects- nausea, eye puffiness, muscle aches have been relatively mild so far. 23 A. Personal Effect on One Patient B. Its Potential for Disease Suffers in the Most Serious Stages of Their Illness C. Reserch Evidence That the Drug
28、 Is Effective D. Why the Drug Is More Effective Than Other Treatments E. How CML Occurs F. Work Needed to Be Done to Confirm the Drugs Potential 23 Paragraph 3._ 24 Paragraph 4._ 25 Paragraph 5._ 26 Paragraph 6._ 27 A. the success rate was much less B. from one trial C. next year D. severe fatigue,
29、weight loss and depression E. seem to be not so serious F. harm healthy ions 27 The evidence is strong (90% success rate) _. 28 Interferon treatment causes_. 29 The drug will probably be approved _. 30 Side effects of the drug _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31
30、 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has fa
31、ltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的 ) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that ex
32、ists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal
33、 programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scienti
34、st starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家 ), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small
35、 businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays
36、 the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
37、 Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia. 31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? （ A） Technology transfer. （ B） Good management. （ C） Hard work. （ D） Fierce competition. 32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? （ A） It is free. （
38、B） It is profit-driven. （ C） It is widely available. （ D） It is curiosity-driven. 33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in （ A） Asia. （ B） USA. （ C） Europe. （ D） Africa. 34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded? （ A） In i940. （ B） Last year. （ C） After the un
39、ification. （ D） In 1949. 35 The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by （ A） experts. （ B） scientists. （ C） scholars. （ D） special knowledge. 36 Superconducting Ceramic (陶瓷 ) An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击 ) of a switch, 30,00.0 homes in one part of Detr
40、oit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power stati
41、on in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. Ail common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electric
42、al resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconducting material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature t
43、o lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made o
44、f a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋 ), strontium (锶 ), and calcium (钙 ). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Li
45、quid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance. The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power.
46、Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too. 36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? （ A） With a flip of switch, electricity can be transmitted. （ B） Other American cities can
47、benefit from the high-performance cables. （ C） Great amounts of power can be conserved. （ D） Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables. 37 Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors （ A） have little or no electrical resistance. （ B） can be used fo
48、r a long time. （ C） are not energy-efficient. （ D） can be made easily. 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance? （ A） -143 degree Celsius. （ B） -263 degree Celsius. （ C） As long as it is ice-cold. （ D） Absolute zero. 39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lowe
49、r its temperature? （ A） Copper. （ B） Liquid nitrogen. （ C） Clay. （ D） Calcium. 40 According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Other cities hope they can also conserve power. （ B） Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon. （ C） Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance. （ D） The Frisbie experiment is not successful. 41 The Science of the Future Until recently, the science of the future was supposed to
