1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 32及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan. （ A） violent criminals （ B） politicians （ C） musicians （ D） industriali
2、sts 2 The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worried （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 3 It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. （ A） pulled down （ B） rebuilt （ C） renovated （ D） whitewashed 4 Although originally a German innova
3、tion, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. （ A） an easy （ B） a playful （ C） an open （ D） a better 5 We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. （ A） effective （ B） clever （ C） implausible （ D）
4、original 6 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 7 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career. （ A） hot-tempered （ B） energetic （ C） polluted （ D） sympathetic 8 Not all m
5、ember states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. （ A） adhered to （ B） abandoned （ C） applied （ D） adopted 9 Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. （ A） immediately （ B） correctly （ C） fairly （ D） carefully 10 The construction of the railway is said to have been
6、terminated. （ A） resumed （ B） put an end to （ C） suspended （ D） re-scheduled 11 He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. （ A） long and detailed （ B） short and clear （ C） comprehensive （ D） professional 12 The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. （ A） effi
7、cient （ B） respectable （ C） well-informed （ D） respectful 13 The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. （ A） simply useless （ B） really practical （ C） very little （ D） extremely useful 14 The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. （ A） reasonable （ B） sensible （ C
8、） crazy （ D） unbelievable 15 In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. （ A） extremely thorough （ B） long and boring （ C） superficial （ D） unconvincing 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请
9、选择 C。 15 Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Channel Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a gro
10、up of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon. As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1, 882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins
11、on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins. “ We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying
12、to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves, “ project leader Simon Berrow said. “ Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make. “ Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins cli
13、cks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot. “ He said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it, to stun their prey. “ “When I first heard it I was surpr
14、ised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales. “ Berrow said. References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been residen
15、t there as far back as the 6th century. They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25, 000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them. 16 The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales intere
16、sted the SDWF scientists. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Ronan Hickey analyzed almost 2000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not men
17、tioned 19 Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 As early as the 6th century, Iri
18、sh fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25 , 000 people come to see them every year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所
19、给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Transport and Trade 1. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distanc
20、e that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger
21、 and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the lar
22、ge number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3. Transport also prevents waste. Much
23、 of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year ca
24、n now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Distr
25、icts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a l
26、ower standard of living. 5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In thi
27、s way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A. Higher living standard B. Importance of transport in trade C. Various means of transport D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade E. Role of information in trade F. Public transportation 23 Paragraph 2_. 24 Paragraph 3_.
28、25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5_. 26 A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a large scale E. the transport of goods F. it is possible to produce on a large scale 27 The development of modern means of
29、 transport_. 28 Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly 29 Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _ 30 In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5
30、道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Brave New World of Biometrics There are always people who can find a reason to criticize strongly any new technology as too personally invasive, but Im all for biometrics. Among the amazing things biometrics enables us to do is to scan a persons iris the colored part of th
31、e eyewhich displays a natural pattern that is even more distinct than the fingerprint. Imagine what that will do to cut down on credit card fraud if the pattern of a persons iris must be scanned before the credit card can be used. Imagine how foolproof it will make Internet purchases, which are now
32、extremely vulnerable to fraudulent abuse. Biometrics ability to prevent theft against the government also is endless. When the state of Connecticut required people , to be fingerprinted in order to receive welfare benefits, 25 percent of the recipients dropped off the rolls ( many of whom, we have t
33、o assume, were receiving benefits improperly). Biometrics also will give Jaw-enforcement officers terrific new powers to track and capture international terrorists. Imagine what miniature face scans embedded secretly in passports will do to passport fraud, and the ability of terrorists to flee from
34、one country to the next. Does this mean the government and corporations will have more “personal information“ about you on file? Sure, to the extent that you consider your face or your iris to be personal “information“. But all the hubbub about “invasion of privacy“ is vastly overblown. Ever since t
35、he invention of telemarketing and the ceaseless parade of phone calls bombarding my home day and night began, Ive considered my privacy to be a thing of the past. But in the scheme of things, it is a minor inconvenience, not a major assault. Of course, if biometrics is too much for some people, they
36、 always can cut up their credit cards, disconnect their phones and computers and move to the Rockies and live alone away from people and society. Meanwhile, Ill continue to enjoy all the benefits modern technology offers. 31 According to the passage, biometrics_ （ A） can make a recording of a person
37、s eye pattern by scanning his eyes （ B） can provide a more accurate identification of a person by scanning his iris than the finger print recognition system （ C） is a newly developed technology that can help analyze personal information （ D） involves recognition techniques that are extremely sophist
38、icated but very expensive 32 One important advantage of using biometrics is that_. （ A） it could be used to eliminate credit card fraud entirely （ B） it would make it much easier for law-enforcement officers to prevent acts of terrorism （ C） it could easily trace the whereabouts of lost identificati
39、on cards and passports （ D） it would make fraudulent abuse of Internet purchases a thing of the past 33 The example that people applying for welfare benefits in Connecticut have to be fingerprinted is used by the author to show that_. （ A） biometrics can be efficiently used to prevent theft against
40、the government （ B） fingerprinting can be used to combat improper distribution of welfare benefits （ C） biometrics can be used to further reduce the number of welfare applicants （ D） fingerprint recognition systems are as efficient as biometrics in the prevention of crime 34 It can be inferred from
41、the passage that the author believes_. （ A） new technologies tend to be personally invasive （ B） the government has too much personal information about people on files （ C） ones face or iris is not really personal information （ D） all talk about the invasion of privacy is groundless 35 The author be
42、lieves that the use of biometrics_. （ A） will cause a lot of people to move to the Rockies （ B） is not welcomed by most people （ C） will lead to a violation of personal privacy （ D） offers a lot of benefits to people 35 Intellectual Property Rights Information technology has presented legislators an
43、d lawyers and you with some new ethical questions regarding rights to intellectual property. Intellectual property consists of the products, tangible or intangible, of the human mind. There are three methods of protecting intellectual property. They are patents (as for an invention) , trade secrets(
44、 as for a formula or method of doing business) , and copyrights ( as for a song or a book). Of principal interest to us is copyright protection. A copyright is the exclusive legal right that prohibits copying of intellectual property without the permission of the copyright holder. Copyright law prot
45、ects books, articles, pamphlets, music, art, drawings, movies and computer software. Copyright protection is automatic and lasts a minimum of 50 years; you do not have to register your idea with the government (as you do with a patent) in order to receive protection. These matters are important beca
46、use the Digital Age has made the act of copying far easier and more convenient than in the past. Copying a book on a photocopier might take hours, so people felt they might as well buy the book. Copying a software program onto another USB flash disk, however, might take just seconds. Public domain s
47、oftware, freeware and shareware can be legally copied, which is not the case with proprietary software. Piracy is theft or unauthorized distribution or use. A type of piracy is to appropriate a computer design or program. This is the kind that Apple Computer claimed in a suit (since rejected) agains
48、t Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard alleging that items in Apples interface, such as icons and windows, had been copied. Software piracy is the unauthorized copying of copyrighted software. One way is to copy a program from one USB flash disk to another. Another is to download (transfer) a program from
49、a network and make a copy of it. Plagiarism is the expropriation of another writers text, findings, or interpretations and presenting it as ones own. Information technology puts a new face on plagiarism in two ways. On the one hand, it offers plagiarists new opportunities to go far afield for unauthorized copying. On the other hand, the technology offers new ways to catch people who steal other peoples material. 36 What does NOT necessarily violate copyright laws?
