1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 33及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories. （ A） third （ B） fourth （ C） tenth （ D） fifteenth 2 He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want. （ A） sure （
2、 B） angry （ C） doubtful （ D） worried 3 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the middle ages. （ A） never （ B） rarely （ C） often （ D） only 4 They didnt realize how serious the problem was. （ A） know （ B） forget （ C） doubt （ D） remember 5 The city has decided to do away with
3、all the old buildings in its center. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repair （ D） paint 6 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy. （ A） fetched （ B） carried （ C） attracted （ D） pushed 7 The last few weeks have been enjoyable. （ A） close （ B） near （ C） past （ D） several
4、8 There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgement （ C） estimation （ D） event 9 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasant （ B） clean （ C） peaceful （ D） large 10 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle. （ A） placed （ B
5、） showed （ C） pointed （ D） decided 11 What were the consequences of the decision she had made? （ A） reasons （ B） results （ C） causes （ D） bases 12 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city. （ A） attacked （ B） surprised （ C） attracted （ D） interested 13 We shall keep the mon
6、ey in a secure place. （ A） clean （ B） secret （ C） distant （ D） safe 14 How do you account for your absence from the class last thursday? （ A） explain （ B） examine （ C） choose （ D） expand 15 She was grateful to him for being so good to her. （ A） careful （ B） hateful （ C） beautiful （ D） thankful 二、 阅读
7、判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productiv
8、e. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to c
9、lean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screen, but the. mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of
10、Stanford University. As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa compu
11、ter in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,
12、 it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the
13、wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer
14、 through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have
15、or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts. 16 Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse w
16、orks. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to the author, general computer users need not know how the computer mouse was invented. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a m
17、ouse. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The most durable comput
18、er mice on sale are the IBM ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题；
19、(2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World 1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that
20、would travel through your body to remove your disease. 2. The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and jo
21、in the smaller one. The small droplet, grows but never gets as big as the other droplet and eventually bumps into the large droplet As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke. 3. The technique exploits the fac
22、t that surface tension the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating becomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water. 4. Although the amount of energy produced is small 20 microwatts it is quite impressive in relation to t
23、he tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camrys 225 horsepower V6 engine. 5.
24、In 1988 , Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettls group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a fa
25、ctory. 6. Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to
26、find disease and repair damaged cells. A. An Introduction of a Toyotas 225 Horsepower V6 Engine B. A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size C. Surface Tension D. Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products E. The Working Principle of the Nanomotor F. Possible Fields of Application in
27、the Future 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 4_ 25 Paragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 26 A. remove disease B. resist separating C. shuffle between two molten metal droplets D. power nanomachines E. sop up molecules from the large droplet F. transport nanoscale objects 27 Doctors envision that the nanomotor wou
28、ld travel through human bodies to_. 28 Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to_. 29 Nanoconveyors could be used to_. 30 Applying a small electric current causes atoms to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Plant Gas Scientists have been studyi
29、ng natural sources of methane(甲烷，沼气 ) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家 ) at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of
30、the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment. Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物 ) need to be in
31、 environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔 ) that contained the same concen
32、tration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. . At 3
33、0 degrees C. , they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克 ) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. Living plants growing at their normal temperatu
34、res released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled ( 增加三倍 ) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria (bacterium 的复数，细菌 ) that normally make meth
35、ane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. The new finding is an “interesting observation, “ says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist(生物 地球化学家
36、) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes. 31 What was scientists understanding of methane ? （ A） It was
37、 produced from plants. （ B） It was not a greenhouse gas. （ C） It was produced in oxygen-free environments. （ D） It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas. 32 To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created_. （ A） a oxygen-free environment （ B） an environment with the sa
38、me concentration of oxygen as the Earth has （ C） a carbon dioxide-free environment （ D） an environment filled with the greenhouse gas 33 Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment? （ A） The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions. （ B） Livi
39、ng plants releas less methane than dried plants at the same temperature. （ C） When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane. （ D） The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions. 34 Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage? （ A） Plants gr
40、owing in soil release methane. （ B） Plants growing in water release methane. （ C） Soil microbes consume methane. （ D） Microbes in plants produce methane. 35 What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane? （ A） Methane becomes less poisonous. （ B） Methane is turned int
41、o a fertilizer. （ C） Less methane reaches the atmosphere. （ D） Air becomes cleaner. 35 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows
42、memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating(散发 ) from the somatosensory (耳、目、口等以外的 )neocortex(新大脑皮
43、层 ) (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus(海马 ) , which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed t
44、ens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associate
45、d memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes (糖尿病，多尿症 ) suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investig
46、ate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans (细看，审视，浏览，扫描 ) and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poo
47、rest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition , their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment(损害、损伤 ) may contribute to the memory defic
48、its (赤字、不足额 ) that occur as people age. “ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition. “ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check(阻止、制止 ) , so there may be one more reason to
49、go to the gym. 36 Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“ （ A） Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? （ B） Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? （ C） Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? （ D） Does brain work on files in sleep? 37 What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? （ A） The electrical activity is emanating from the somato
