1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The letter without the address puzzled me. （ A） perplexed （ B） interested （ C） troubled （ D） enlightened 2 It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. （
2、 A） challenged （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 3 Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. （ A） controversial （ B） reasonable （ C） sensible （ D） sensitive 4 He has a passionate interest in music. （ A） enthusiastic （ B） perfect （ C） practical （ D） funny 5 We derive kno
3、wledge mainly from books. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 6 For many years the poor woman was a virtual prisoner in her own home. （ A） a real prisoner （ B） a prisoner by law （ C） an unreal prisoner （ D） in effect a prisoner 7 The latest census is encouraging. （ A） statement （ B） ass
4、essment （ C） evaluation （ D） count 8 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage (污水 ) （ A） polluted （ B） downgraded （ C） mixed （ D） blackened 9 Of all the planets in this solar system, Mercury is nearest the Sun. （ A） most like （ B） closest to （ C） hotter than （ D） heavier t
5、han 10 The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centries were fascinated by comets. （ A） intrigued （ B） infected （ C） inconvenienced （ D） inclined 11 Thousands of people perished in the storm. （ A） died （ B） suffered （ C） floated （ D） scattered 12 The construction of the railway is s
6、aid to have been terminated. （ A） resumed （ B） put an end to （ C） suspended （ D） re-scheduled 13 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society, （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） smashed （ D） changed 14 Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded. （ A） offer （
7、B） provide （ C） fund （ D） modernize 15 Newborn babies can discriminate between a mans and a womans voice. （ A） treat （ B） express （ C） distinguish （ D） analyze 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 In 1993, New Y
8、ork State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage(饮料 ) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out
9、 what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场 ). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled(回收利用 ) in the United States. The reason for the change is th
10、at now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a d
11、iscard until somebody figures out how to give it a second fife and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs
12、 for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-man-agement option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of Ne
13、w York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. 16 In New York, consumers had to pay for beverage
14、containers and could get their money back on returning them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The returned plastic bottles in New York used to end up somewhere underground. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Today, four out of five plastic soda bottles are recycle(回收利用 )in the Un
15、ited States. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recycling. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is how to turn them into useful thing. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
16、（ C） Not mentioned 21 It can be concluded form the passage that rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw material. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because other methods are more expensive. （ A） Right （ B） Wron
17、g （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities C. foods can be preserved D. most kids
18、like iced soft drinks E. every housewife needs food F. the fridge produced when it is working 23 Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because_. 24 The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which_. 25 An important contribution
19、made by the invention of the fridge is that_. 26 If you stop using the fridge, at least you wont be troubled by the noise_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 27 Alexandre-Gustave Boenickhausen Eiffel was one of the 19th centurys master builders. Wielding iron in new
20、 ways, he built bridges for the centurys burgeoning railways in Europe, South America and Indochina. And after sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi designed a colossal, 151-foot statue of copper sheets in 1871, he turned to Frances magician of iron for its internal skeleton. Thus Eiffel was instrumen
21、tal in creating two of the best-known monuments to liberty in the modern world the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, which was built to mark the centennial of the French Revolution. During the Nazi occupation in World War II, the tower s personnel sabotaged the elevators to deprive the enemy o
22、f a view of Paris. (Hitler, who refused to climb the 1710 steps to the top, posed for his picture with the tower in the background. ) The city knew liberation was at hand on August 25, 1944, when two Parisians, braving bullets ricocheting through the girders, tore down the swastika and hoisted the t
23、ricolor. The tower illustrates Eiffels genius for meticulous, innovative engineering. After he had set massive stone foundations beside the Seine, four giant leaning pillars, encompassing four acres, were joined 200 feet up at the first platform, an iron belt of trusses running from pillar to pillar
24、. This belt had to be perfectly horizontal; if out of line by a hair, the structure would tilt disastrously at 1000 feet. Eiffel s solution: hydraulic jacks embedded in each 440-ton column, enabling him to fine-tune its angle perfectly. Next, Eiffel deployed creeper cranes that climbed the tower as
25、it grew, helping to hoist 15000 girders and 2.5 million rivets to the exact spot where needed. Astonishingly, the tower was completed in only two years and two months for three percent less than its $ 1.5-million budget, with no fatalities among the 250 workers. Thanks to Eiffels mastery of design,
26、the tower gives the wind little to seize. Seen from certain angles, the oddly beautiful tracery of intersecting iron beams appears almost transparent. The tower is so light that pressure on the foundations is only about 60 pounds per square inch not much more than a well-fed gentleman exerts on the
27、floor when sitting in a chair. 27 According to the text, who is “Frances magician of iron“? （ A） Eiffel （ B） Barthold （ C） both （ D） neither 28 Which of the following things is not built by Eiffel? （ A） bridges （ B） the Eiffel Tower （ C） the Statue of Liberty （ D） a monument to liberty 29 How did Ei
28、ffel make the iron belt running from pillar to pillar perfectly horizontal? （ A） He made a careful plan. （ B） He used hair to test whether the tower is tilting. （ C） He embedded water jack in the column. （ D） He deployed creeper cranes. 30 Compared with the original plan, the Eiffel Tower was finish
29、ed_. （ A） in shorter time （ B） with less money （ C） with fewer workers （ D） with less material 31 Which of the following statements about the Tower is Not True? （ A） Despite its iron structure, the tower is light in weight. （ B） The tower is strong against the wind. （ C） On August 25, 1944, two Pari
30、sians hoisted the French national flag on top of the tower in risk of their lives. （ D） The German invaders destroye4 the elevators of the Tower during World War . 31 Brave New World of Biometrics There are always people who can find a reason to criticize strongly any new technology as too personall
31、y invasive, but Im all for biometrics. Among the amazing things biometrics enables us to do is to scan a persons iris the colored part of the eyewhich displays a natural pattern that is even more distinct than the fingerprint. Imagine what that will do to cut down on credit card fraud if the pattern
32、 of a persons iris must be scanned before the credit card can be used. Imagine how foolproof it will make Internet purchases, which are now extremely vulnerable to fraudulent abuse. Biometrics ability to prevent theft against the government also is endless. When the state of Connecticut required peo
33、ple , to be fingerprinted in order to receive welfare benefits, 25 percent of the recipients dropped off the rolls ( many of whom, we have to assume, were receiving benefits improperly). Biometrics also will give Jaw-enforcement officers terrific new powers to track and capture international terrori
34、sts. Imagine what miniature face scans embedded secretly in passports will do to passport fraud, and the ability of terrorists to flee from one country to the next. Does this mean the government and corporations will have more “personal information“ about you on file? Sure, to the extent that you co
35、nsider your face or your iris to be personal “information“. But all the hubbub about “invasion of privacy“ is vastly overblown. Ever since the invention of telemarketing and the ceaseless parade of phone calls bombarding my home day and night began, Ive considered my privacy to be a thing of the pas
36、t. But in the scheme of things, it is a minor inconvenience, not a major assault. Of course, if biometrics is too much for some people, they always can cut up their credit cards, disconnect their phones and computers and move to the Rockies and live alone away from people and society. Meanwhile, Ill
37、 continue to enjoy all the benefits modern technology offers. 32 According to the passage, biometrics_ （ A） can make a recording of a persons eye pattern by scanning his eyes （ B） can provide a more accurate identification of a person by scanning his iris than the finger print recognition system （ C
38、） is a newly developed technology that can help analyze personal information （ D） involves recognition techniques that are extremely sophisticated but very expensive 33 One important advantage of using biometrics is that_. （ A） it could be used to eliminate credit card fraud entirely （ B） it would m
39、ake it much easier for law-enforcement officers to prevent acts of terrorism （ C） it could easily trace the whereabouts of lost identification cards and passports （ D） it would make fraudulent abuse of Internet purchases a thing of the past 34 The example that people applying for welfare benefits in
40、 Connecticut have to be fingerprinted is used by the author to show that_. （ A） biometrics can be efficiently used to prevent theft against the government （ B） fingerprinting can be used to combat improper distribution of welfare benefits （ C） biometrics can be used to further reduce the number of w
41、elfare applicants （ D） fingerprint recognition systems are as efficient as biometrics in the prevention of crime 35 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes_. （ A） new technologies tend to be personally invasive （ B） the government has too much personal information about people o
42、n files （ C） ones face or iris is not really personal information （ D） all talk about the invasion of privacy is groundless 36 The author believes that the use of biometrics_. （ A） will cause a lot of people to move to the Rockies （ B） is not welcomed by most people （ C） will lead to a violation of
43、personal privacy （ D） offers a lot of benefits to people 36 U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life. Laboratory tests aboard NASAs Phoenix Mars
44、Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The landers robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples. “ We have water, “ said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analy
45、zer, or TEGA. “This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water
46、 is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life. The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exp
47、osed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesdays sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle. “ Mars is giving us some surprises, “ said Phoenix principa
48、l investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. “Were excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulat
49、ion testing weve done so far. “ Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present. The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead
