1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 37及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I notified him that my address had changed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 2 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. （ A） posted （ B） sent （ C）
2、 given （ D） handed 3 Are you positive that theres been no mistake? （ A） rational （ B） reasonable （ C） certain （ D） bound 4 The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table. （ A） supplied （ B） gathered （ C） grasped （ D） made 5 Although technically we speak the same lan
3、guage, many British people feel the United Stated to be an alien culture. （ A） an outlandish （ B） a foreign （ C） a refined （ D） a barbarian 6 In 1970, the United States was still by far the most productive of countries in the world, with a gross national product of $ 1, 014, 750 million which amount
4、ed to $ 4,950 per person. （ A） worked up to be （ B） worked in being （ C） worked on being （ D） worked out to be 7 The FBI selected out possible traitors out of the organization. （ A） screened （ B） screamed （ C） separated （ D） sheltered 8 Nurses should give reassurance that secrecy will be maintained.
5、 （ A） suspicion （ B） confidentiality （ C） confidence （ D） publicity 9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position. （ A） maintain （ B） better （ C） acquire （ D） support 10 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （
6、 D） relieved 11 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 12 It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. （ A） pulled down （ B） rebuilt （ C） renovated （ D） whitewashed 13 He began his
7、 talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. （ A） long and detailed （ B） short and clear （ C） comprehensive （ D） professional 14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around chil
8、dren. （ A） forbid （ B） advocate （ C） inherit （ D） withdraw 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的 是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Food and Cancer Medical Experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person ea
9、ts and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a persons chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical scien
10、ces in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were form the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five y
11、ears. Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received dif
12、ferent mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect. Those who seemed to fain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A
13、called B-carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took B-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. They also found a 10 percent drop i
14、n the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels. Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect, would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continu
15、e to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improved the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China. 16 The results of the new study are unexpected. （ A
16、） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 17 Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 18 The study lasted for about five years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 19 The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxi
17、an is the highest in China. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 20 Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 21 All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals. （ A） Right （
18、B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 22 The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not Mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句 子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Learn about Noble G
19、ases(惰性气体 ) Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium(氦 ). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. T
20、herefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases. People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体 ). They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic ta
21、ble because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价 )electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless
22、, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radoa These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the on
23、ly ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的 )weight while Radon is the heaviest. Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled“ or the required number of electrons
24、is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays,
25、there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体 ). These ma
26、gnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see“ the brain, without operating on the patient. A. what is the periodic table? B. What are noble gases? C.
27、 What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? D. How were noble gases discovered? E. How were noble gases understood in the past? F. what are the applications of noble gases? 23 paragraph 2_. 24 paragraph 3_. 25 paragraph 4_. 26 paragraph 5_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题
28、。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 27 If the salinity(含盐量 ) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is round to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of wate
29、r from the ocean by means of evaporationconversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the sales stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use
30、 is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity m
31、ay be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evap
32、oration. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In t
33、his manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a r
34、esult of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world. 27 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The elements of salt. （ B） The bodies of water of the world. （ C） The many forms of ocean l
35、ife. （ D） The salinity of ocean water. 28 According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in _. （ A） coastal areas （ B） tropical areas （ C） rainy areas （ D） turbulent areas 29 All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT_. （ A） evaporation （ B） precipitation （ C） run
36、off （ D） melting 30 Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body of water can best be inferred from the passage? （ A） The temperature of the water is the most important factor. （ B） How quickly the water moves is directly related to the amount of salt. （ C） Ocean salinity has littl
37、e effect on sea life. （ D） Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water. 31 Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea? （ A） To show that this body of water has salinity variations. （ B） To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters. （ C） To give an example of cold-wate
38、r salinity. （ D） To point out the location of deep waters. 32 As in the field of space travel, so in undersea exploration new technologies continue to appear. They share a number of similarities with each other as well as some important differences. Manned submersibles (潜水器 ), like spaceships, must
39、maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment. But while a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum of space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water. In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts. In under
40、sea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) been put to use. One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to these underwater. A vacuum am ideal medium for radio communications, but
41、 underwater communications are limited to much slower sound waves. Thus, most undersea vehiclesparticularly ROVs operate at the end of long ropes. For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space. A spaceships position can be located by following its radio si
42、gnal, or by using telescopes and radar. For an undersea vehicle, however, a special network of sonar (声纳 ) must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicles position. Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, i
43、t has a distinct advantage: Going to the ocean depths doesnt require the power necessary to escape Earths gravity. Thus, it remains far less expensive. 32 People did not begin to use unmanned vehicles in undersea exploration until recently because of_. （ A） the communication problem （ B） the ocean d
44、epths （ C） the movement of waves （ D） the problem of vacuum 33 By “more challenging“ (Para. 6), the author means _. （ A） more interesting （ B） more demanding （ C） more attractive （ D） moredangerous 34 Ocean exploration is not so expensive as space travel mainly because _. （ A） it is not affected Ear
45、ths gravity （ B） most undersea vehicles operate at the end of long ropes （ C） ROVs have been put to use （ D） there is no need for submersibles to get away from Earth s gravity 35 The sonar devices must be placed _. （ A） from time to time （ B） after the undersea vehicle dives （ C） at the time when th
46、e undersea vehicle is diving （ D） before the undersea vehicle dives 36 Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the passage? （ A） New techniques are continually developed and new machines invented for undersea exploration. （ B） If not well built, a submersible is most likely to get crushed in deep
47、 water. （ C） A submersible, when manned looks very much like a spaceship. （ D） In certain respects undersea exploration is often faced with the same problem as space travel is. 36 The Iceman On a September day in 1991 two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy High up on a mou
48、ntain pass， they found the body of a man lying on the ice At that height(10,499 feet， or 3,200 meters)， the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downward The skeleton(骨
49、架 )was in perfect condition， except for a wound in the head There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮 )and a holder for arrows Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions Some people thought that it was from this cent
