1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Sarahs ancestors arrived here from France about two hundred years ago. （ A） descendants （ B） forefathers （ C） relatives （ D） grandfathers 2 George is very proud of his new status in the company
2、. （ A） statue （ B） office （ C） state （ D） professional position 3 A childs actions should be modified by imposing a system of rewards. （ A） enforcing （ B） opposing （ C） incorporating （ D） implementing 4 Theyd paid a substantial bribe to the surgeon in Rio. （ A） meager （ B） stern （ C） subtle （ D） ste
3、ep 5 The Internet allows us to transmit messages across the world in an instant. （ A） type （ B） convey （ C） send （ D） phone 6 This report concerns a man who lives in London, but works in Paris. （ A） worries （ B） is anxious about （ C） has an effect on （ D） is about 7 It is a common belief among paren
4、ts that too many hours for sports may hamper academic pursuits of the students. （ A） promote （ B） destroy （ C） hinder （ D） arouse 8 The voluntary decision to label seems to have been rewarded. （ A） paid out （ B） paid back （ C） paid up （ D） paid off 9 Sitting in the Land Rover with lions all around,
5、the men felt very vulnerable. （ A） impressive （ B） well protected （ C） open to attack （ D） secure 10 Theres nothing at all on this piece of paper. Its completely blank. （ A） empty （ B） unoccupied （ C） white （ D） free 11 Well, you re a tall man and you can carry a good deal of weight without looking
6、awkward. （ A） inconvenient （ B） funny （ C） untidy （ D） clumsy 12 The entire process is called the greenhouse effect, and most of it is caused by the prevalent greenhouse gas, water vapor. （ A） predominant （ B） executive （ C） superior （ D） remarkable 13 The constant friction of the wire on the metal
7、pulley eventually caused it to break. （ A） declining （ B） ageing （ C） pulling （ D） rubbing 14 The kind of thing that happened last Saturday night is a regular occurrence in the village. （ A） event （ B） presence （ C） development （ D） endeavour 15 The dispute between the faculty and the administration
8、 was not resolved until the faculty members got better working conditions. （ A） threat （ B） disquisition （ C） problem （ D） argument 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 In the United States, the need to protect
9、plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, t
10、he woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰 ), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for
11、survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters and the owls was still undecided in mid-1992. Similar tensions exist between the d
12、eveloped and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished(使穷困 ), with populations growing so rapid
13、ly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation. Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth s ozone layer(臭氧层 ), for example, could contribute to the general pr
14、ocess of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the compositio
15、n of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth s complex web of life. 16 The protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue because it affects the interests of certain groups of people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to the passage, the preservation of rain f
16、orests should take priority over the control of human population. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Cutting trees to grow more food may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Among humanitys current problems, the chief concern
17、of the scientists is the reduction of biological diversity. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The explosion of the human population will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Cutting trees to grow more food is a long-t
18、erm relief to the food problem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The authors purpose in writing this passage is to point out that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 )
19、下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项 中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Even after centuries of scientific research, no one knows for sure why human beings (plus a few other primates, including chimpanzees, apes, and orangutans) laugh. 2. Even if scientists still do not k
20、now why we laugh, they have learned a lot about it. For example: The sound of laughter is created when you inhale deeply and then release the air while your diaphragm moves in a series of short, spasmodic contractions. The typical laugh is made up of pulses of sound that are about 1/15th of a second
21、 long and 1/5th of a second apart. 3. One of the most interesting things researchers have learned is the powerful healing effect of laughter. Well, actually they re re-learning it after centuries of neglect: In the Middle Ages, doctors “treated“ their patients by telling them jokes, but modem medici
22、ne discounted the curative properties of laughing. That began to change in 1979, when editor Norman Cousins wrote Anatomy of an Illness, in which he credited watching humorous videos with helping him reduce pain and recover from ankylosing spondylitis (类风湿性脊椎炎 ), a lifethreatening degenerative spina
23、l disease. The book inspired researchers to look into whether laughter really could aid in healing and recovery from illness. 4. In 1995, two researchers at the Loma Linda University School of Medicine had 10 medical students watch a 60-minute videotape of Gallagher, a stand-up comedian famous for s
24、mashing watermelons and other objects with a sledgehammer. The researchers found that after watching the video, where was a measurable decrease in stress hormones, including epinephrine and dopamine, in the students blood, plus an increase in endorphins-the body s natural painkillers. But the most c
25、hanges were found in the students immune systems. These included Increased levels of gamma interferon, a hormone that “switches on“ the immune system, helps fight viruses and regulates cell growth. Increased numbers of “helper T-cells,“ which help the body coordinate the immune systems response to i
26、llness More “Compliment 3,“ a substance that helps antibodies destroy infected and damaged cells An increase in the number and activity of “natural killer (NK) cells,“ which the body uses to attack foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected by viruses 5. Some of the levels even began to change
27、before the students watched the video-just from the expectation that they were about to laugh. “Say you re going to your favorite restaurant,“ Dr. Berk explains. “You can visualize the food; you can almost taste it. You are already experiencing the physiology of enjoying it. Your immune system also
28、remembers. By using humor to combat stress, you can condition yourself to strengthen your immune system.“ 6. Chimpanzees, apes and a few other primates laugh, but no other animals do Chimps laugh sounds like rapid panting, but unlike humans, they are unable to regulate or control the air as they bre
29、athe out. This lack of ability to control airflow is same thing that deprives them of speech. Chimps and gorillas that have learned sign language have been known to sign one another for laughs 23 A. The Process of Laughter. B. Why Laughter Developed? C. Laughter and Other Creatures. D. Mordern Break
30、through in Humour for Therapy. E. Various After-effects of laughing. F. Anticipatorv Effect on the Immune System. 23 Paragraph 3. _ 24 Paragraph 4. _ 25 Paragraph 5. _ 26 Paragraph 6. _ 27 A. seem to know how to control laughter B. reduce your blood pressure C. why people laugh D. the intake and rel
31、ease of air E. the purpose of laughter is to reduce stress F. the way it affects the immune system 27 Scientists do not have clear evidence as to_ 28 The reason for the medical benefits of laughter relates to_ 29 Human beings are the only creatures that_ 30 Laughter essentially involves _ 四、 阅读理解 (第
32、 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星 ) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星 ) that reace across the night sky. Most orbit
33、 the sun far from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 50 million worth of now telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we s
34、pot a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the con
35、sequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we dont take care of these big asteroids, theyll take care of us,“ says one scientist
36、. “It s that simple.“ The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday(毁灭性 ) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,“ said a New York Times article. 31 What does the passa
37、ge say about asteroids and meteoroids? （ A） They are heavenly bodies different in composition. （ B） They are heavenly bodies similar in nature. （ C） There are more asteroids than meteoroids. （ D） Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids. 32 What do scientists say about the collision of an aster
38、oid with Earth? （ A） It is very unlikely but the danger exists. （ B） Such a collision might occur once every 25 years. （ C） Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. （ D） Its still too early to say whether such a collision might occur. 33 What do people think of the
39、suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids? （ A） It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem. （ B） It may create more problems than it might solve. （ C） It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely. （ D） Further research shoul
40、d be done before it is proved applicable. 34 We can conclude from the passage that_. （ A） while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world （ B） asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hilt Earth in the near future （ C） the worry about asteroids can be left to fu
41、ture generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime （ D） workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth 35 Which of the following best describes the authors tone in this passage? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Critical. （ C） Objective. （ D） Arbitrary. 36
42、A profound change seems to have taken place in the economic relationship between Americans and their animals. In 1993, the pet business was a $16 billion field dominated by mom and pop outfits and independent veterinarians. Today, it is a $ 23 billion empire. Nearly 60 percent of Americans live with
43、 one or more animals. More than 30 million have dogs, and 27 million have cats. While the overall number of owners has remained relatively stable since the 1980s, they are spending ever greater amounts on their animals. Signs of the boom are everywhere. On the retail side, superstore chains are cove
44、ring the country. Americans consider cats and dogs a “part of the family“ rather than property, which, legally, at least, they remain. (Being property themselves, for instance, animals cannot legally inherit property in wills, though growing numbers of them are being provided for in estates, and som
45、e law firms have developed a specialty in the area. ) The reasons for this metamorphosis from property to person are mysterious. No one seems to know exactly why Americans have changed their views. A decline in warmth among homo sapiens may explain part of the phenomenon, says attorney Lane Gabeler.
46、 She says it actually helps the practice by giving her people a softer edge. “People hate lawyers, and we look more human with a dog,“ Gabeler insists. On the other hand, there are more reasons now to own pets than there were a generation ago. Adults in their 20s and 30s marry and have kids later, l
47、eaving more room in their lives to adopt a beast. Medical research has determined that contact with pets can lower blood pressure and fend off heart attacks, so more and more of the elderly have embraced the animal kingdom. The pet industry is confident that the future remains bright. On the health
48、insurance side alone, for example, the market has hardly been scratched. In the United Kingdom, 13 percent of the countrys 15 million owners have policies, and in Sweden, 57 percent of 7 million have been insured. But in the United States, with a total of 114 million pets, fewer than 1 percent of pe
49、ts are covered if they choke on a chicken bone or try to bite the UPS truck driver. So if the bond between people and their creatures truly exists, and if that bond keeps deepening economically as well as emotionally, the next wave of American moguls may well be pet insurance agents rather than Internet pioneers. 36 The profound change in the economic relationship between Americans and their pets has been caused by the fact that _. （ A） more people now own vets than before （ B） peo
