1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 2 It is important to learn to communicate. （ A） minor （ B） crucial （ C） impossible （ D） effect
2、ive 3 He endured great pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B） resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 4 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） Smashed （ D） changed 5 If you want my advice, you should revise your plan for the trip
3、to Beijing. （ A） change （ B） exchange （ C） enlarge （ D） encourage 6 Smoking is inhibited in public places. （ A） instructed （ B） inquired （ C） forbidden （ D） strived 7 It has been said that the history of humanity is one of the survival of the fittest. （ A） human being （ B） humankind （ C） protagonist
4、s （ D） mankind 8 The landscape can change abruptly after a rainstorm in the Great Sahara Desert. （ A） quickly （ B） completely （ C） gradually （ D） slightly 9 He described the shape of the pot with a circular motion of his hand. （ A） shaped （ B） gravitational （ C） square （ D） round 10 Hearing problems
5、 may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （ D） relieved 11 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle. （ A） fatal （ B） hateful （ C） good （ D） useful 12 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. （ A） solving （ B） exploring
6、（ C） settling （ D） handling 13 Customers often defer payment for as long as possible （ A） make （ B） demand （ C） postpone （ D） obtain 14 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） able （ B） fortunate （ C） qualified （ D） competent 15 With immense relief, I stopped ru
7、nning. （ A） some （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Monarch without a Kingdom This November, a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico, like autu
8、mn leaves. But for how long? Genetically modified maize (玉米 ) could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly, Rafael Ruiz reports. Although its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gin, the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5,000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile, but its long jo
9、urneys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn, the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north. In November, millions of Monarchs fall like b
10、right, golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping (拍动 ) of wings, as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains, which reach a height of 3,000 metres, the butterflies are safe. Before reaching the
11、ir journeys end they have faced strong winds, rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters are really bad, perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the Ame
12、rican continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April, when their internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. The long journey, with all its dangers, begins again. These delicate creatures now face danger of another kind - from scientific progress. In the US,
13、millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of the butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the
14、 threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts, the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations have been carried out. Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products (in Spain, there are already 20,000 hectares of mod
15、ified maize). The environmental organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in Europe alone which are threatened with extinction. 16 The Monarch butterfly travels 5,000 km each year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The Monarch butterfly looks fragile. （ A） Right （
16、B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Mexicans like butterflies very much. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 In bad winters, about 70 per cent of the butterflies can stay alive （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In early April, the butterflies leave their winter homes flying back nor
17、th （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Genetically modified maize isnt poisonous to the butterflies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Genetically modified products are not popular in Mexico （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务
18、： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The first anybody knew about Dutchman Frank Siegmund and his family was when workmen tramping through a field found a narrow steel chimney protruding through the grass. Closer inspection revealed a chink of sky-ligh
19、t window among the thistles, and when amazed investigators moved down the side of the hill they came across a pine door complete with leaded diamond glass and a brass knocker set into an underground building. The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town of Breda
20、, in Holland. They are the latest in a clutch of individualistic homemakers who have burrowed underground in search of tranquility. 2. Most, failing foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes and return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterra
21、nean suburbia, Dutchstyle, is about to become respectable and chic. Seven luxury homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noise embankment next to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the market for $ 296,500 each. The foundations had yet to be dug, but customers queued up to buy the u
22、nusual part-submerged houses, whose back wall consists of a grassy mound and whose front is a long glass gallery. 3. The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls. It is already proving a way of
23、 life in extreme climates; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls
24、are already common in Japan, where 90 percent of the population is squeezed into 20 percent of the landspace. 4. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avid disfiguring r threatening a beautiful or environ-mentally sensitive landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consum
25、e most land-such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows. 5. There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A developrrient of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would oc
26、cupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved. Under several metres of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. We get 40 to 50 enquiries a week, says Peter Carpenter, secretary of the British Earth Sheltering Association, which builds similar homes in Britain. pe
27、ople see this as a way of building for the future. An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill, thanks to solar panels and natural insulation. 6. In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventio
28、nal mass-produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised relief by South Limburg planners because of Hollands chronic shortage of land. It was the Tilburg architect Jo Hurkmans who hit on the idea of making use of noise embankments on main roads. His two-floored, four-bedroo
29、med, two-bathroomed detached homes are now taking shape. They are not so much below the earth as in it, he says. All the light will come through the glass front, which runs from the second floor ceiling to the ground. Areas which do not need much natural lighting are at the back. The living accommod
30、ation is to the front so nobody notices that the back is dark. 23 A. An Underground Home Is Discovered B. Some Buildings Do Not Require Natural Light C. A Designer Describes His Houses D. Homes Sold Before Completion E. Demands on Space and Energy Are Reduced F. Developing Underground Services Aroun
31、d the World 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. they sell more quickly B. were known for their under ground home C. the plans for future homes D. noise embankment E. a natural environment F. South Limberg Planners 27 Dutch man Frank Siegmund and his family _ 28
32、Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because _ 29 The Dutch development was welcomed by _ 30 Hurkmans houses are built into_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 There are two great mysteries about the beach. One is why human beings flock there by thousands,
33、 only to prostrate(俯卧 ) themselves in dense packs of glistening flesh. The other is why the sand goes there. Strange as it seems, oceanographers have never really understood why sand piles up on the shore. Now Douglas Inman and Daniel Conley think they have solved the puzzle. The puzzle had to do wi
34、th waves. Though it might seem intuitive that waves carry water to shore, and sand along with it, its not that simple. The crest(浪尖 )of a passing wave lifts a given hit of water upward and landward, but the ensuing trough(波谷 ) pushes the water back down and Out to sea. Near the bottom, there the san
35、d is, the water was always assumed to just slide back and forth and the sand with it. “If you take a very aloof look at a beach,“ says Inman, “youll realize that if the two motions move sand back and forth the same amount, then all the sand should end up in deep water. So for beaches to exist, the c
36、rests onshore flow must somehow move enough sand up the beach to counter the seaward tug of both the trough and gravity . The pressure changes in the sand bed, Inman and Conley think, are the key to beach creation. They found that sand doesnt just slide back and forth with each passing wave. Under a
37、 trough, it does slide seaward, in a thin layer just above the bottom. But under a crest its movement is often more elaborate. The higher pressure under a crest higher because the water is piled higher forces water into the porous(多孔的 ) sand. This creates strong whirlpools just above the sand, which
38、 help loosen it. As the crest passes overhead, the sand first rushes across the bottom; then it abruptly turns violent lifting off the bottom in large, boiling bunches. Finally, just after the crest passes, the sand explodes up into the great water column. The boiling and rushing move more sand than
39、 the backsliding under a trough, so theres a net movement of sand toward the shore. 31 What is the primary purpose of this passage? （ A） To explain why sand piles up on the beaches. （ B） To explain why men only prostrate in the sea. （ C） To propose a new explanation of a phenomenon. （ D） To refute a
40、 misconception. 32 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Tile pressure changes in the sand bed are the most important factor in the creation of beach. （ B） The crest pushes water seaward. （ C） People take it for granted that waves carry water and sand to the be
41、ach. （ D） The high pressure under a crest forms strong whirlpools above the sand. 33 Which of the following is not a step of beach creation? （ A） Water is forced into sand by the high pressure under a crest. （ B） Strong whirlpools loosen the sand. （ C） The sand is first at the bottom when a crest pa
42、sses. （ D） More sand is pushed back to the sea. 34 Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Inman and Conley present an unconvincing explanation. （ B） No one has ever made any effort to ,solve the puzzle in the passage. （ C） The beach is full of mysteries, but now som
43、e scientists have thrown a new light on them. （ D） Scientists like to make trouble out of nothing. 35 This passage is most probably an excerpt from _. （ A） a scientific journal which introduces the latest development in oceanography （ B） a popular magazine that explains new ideas to interested reade
44、rs （ C） an introduction to a book on oceanography （ D） a textbook for pupils 36 “Idle speculation“ has no place in science, but “speculation“ is its very lifeblood, a wellknown physicist believes. The more fundamental and far-reaching a scientific theory is, the more speculative it is likely to be.
45、It is erroneous to believe that science is only concerned with “pure facts“, for mere accumulation of facts is a primitive form of science. A mature science tries to arrange facts in significant patterns to see relationships between previously unrelated aspects of the universe. A theory that does no
46、t suggest new ways of looking at the universe is not likely to make an important contribution to the development of science. However it is also important that theories are checked by new experiments and observations. Dr. Ovenden discusses recent discoveries in biology, chemistry, and physics that gi
47、ve clues to the possibility of life in the solar system and other star systems. He discusses conditions on Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn, and considers whether or not the same conditions may be found on planets of other stars. Only the planets Venus, Earth, and Mars lie within the temperature zon
48、e, about 75,000, 000 miles wide in which life can exist. Venus is covered by a dense layer of clouds which permit no observation of the surface, and the surface temperature of the planet is not known. Mars is colder than Earth, the average temperature being about minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, compare
49、d with plus 59 degrees Fahrenheit as the average for earth. However near the Mars poles during the summer season, temperatures may rise to as much as 70 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas winter temperatures may fall to minus 130 degrees Fahrenheit. Because of the extreme difference in the Martian(火星的 ) seasons, the only life forms expected to exist, without a built-in(内在的，固有的 ) temperature control such as warm-blooded animals and humans have, are those which would stay inactive most of the
