1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 47及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce. （ A） convert （ B） store （ C） utilize （ D） receive 2 If the symptoms persist, consult your doctor. （ A） insist （ B） persevere （ C） con
2、tinue （ D） resist 3 This model embodies many new features. （ A） consists of （ B） includes （ C） makes up （ D） marks 4 Many diseases can be cured by orthodox medical treatment. （ A） acceptable （ B） conservative （ C） western （ D） conventional 5 The result was a sensational 4:1 victory. （ A） sexy （ B） s
3、urprising （ C） exceptional （ D） thrilling 6 “Thats outrageous! “ he protested. （ A） unheard of （ B） unacceptable （ C） unbelievable （ D） ridiculous 7 They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container. （ A） challenged （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 8 Only those over 70 are eligible
4、for the special payment. （ A） encouraged （ B） enforced （ C） expected （ D） entitled 9 My legs trembled with fear. （ A） wept （ B） cried （ C） quivered （ D） ran 10 She tried to make up for her shabby treatment of him. （ A） unforgettable （ B） shoddy （ C） unbelievable （ D） unthinkable 11 She is very ingen
5、ious when it comes to finding excuses. （ A） effective （ B） clever （ C） implausible （ D） original 12 Take vigorous exercise for several hours a week. （ A） hot-tempered （ B） energetic （ C） friendly （ D） patient 13 One of the biggest reasons is that the cultural bias is changing. （ A） adherence （ B） em
6、phasis （ C） prejudice （ D） effect 14 The agreement was terminated immediately. （ A） resumed （ B） put an end to （ C） suspended （ D） re-scheduled 15 Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme. （ A） delayed （ B） quick （ C） positive （ D） unfavorable 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分
7、) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise,
8、 they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off. One result of this practice is that the
9、 Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm s in
10、terests before those of his immediate family. The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short perio
11、d of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their western counterparts. This marriage between the employee and the company the consequence of lifetime employment may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing
12、 to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products. 16 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company perhaps means that the employee can make serious mistakes in work. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Family s a
13、nd company s interests are equally important in Japanese company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 In Japan one s future is guaranteed through hard work. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Lifetime employment influences one s career options. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention
14、ed 20 The Japanese worker is fond of his company s product because of the close link between him and his company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 All the Japanese company s products have high quality and lower price. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The passage mainly discusse
15、s how lifetime employment is viewed. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头
16、)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate(解体 ), she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep th
17、e beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two
18、years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris(残片 ). 2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and ot
19、her students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. T
20、hey also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did
21、 some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Don t Be Crude“ program runs oil-collection
22、sites tanks that hold up to 460 gallons where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4 Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were
23、dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted, “ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it. “ Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores(零工 ), but with the help of other
24、s, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan s Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries. A. Provide Clean Water B. Dig Oil Wells C. Save Clean Water D.
25、 Don t Litter E. Dont Be Crude F. Protect Wildlife 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 26 A. make new materials B. preserve wetland and animals C. have clean air D. have clean water E. collect cigarette butts F. collect disposed oil 27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-
26、access areas to_. 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to_. 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to_. 30 Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of helping African people to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Rocke
27、ts in the Sky If someone asked you, “What color is the sky?“ I expect that you would answer, “Blue. “ I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air. We know that there is air all
28、 around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air. What is the sky? The sky is sp
29、ace. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon and all the stars. Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worlds in the space. They have looked at them through telescopes and in this way they have found out a great deal. The moon is about 384, 000 kilometers away fro
30、m the earth. An airplane cann t fly to the moon but there is a thing that can fly even when there is no air. This is rocket. I am sure that you are asking, “How does a rocket fly?“ If you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Le
31、t go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through the neck of the balloon and this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an airplane. This is how a rocket works. It is not made of rubber(橡胶 )like
32、a balloon, of course. It is made of metal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes out of the end of the rocket, the rocket is pushed up into the air. Rockets can fly far out into space. Rockets with men inside the
33、m have already reached the moon. Several rockets, without men inside them, have been sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be able to go anywhere in the space. 31 What color is the sky? （ A） It is blue. （ B） It is white. （ C） It is grey. （ D） It has no color. 32 When an airplan
34、e flies too high, _. （ A） the air will be too thin to support its wings （ B） the air will become thicker （ C） the air will exert pressure on it （ D） the air will disappear in no time 33 A rocket can fly to the moon because_. （ A） it looks like a balloon （ B） it is much lighter than an airplane （ C）
35、it doesn t have wings （ D） it works like an untied balloon 34 Which of the following statements about a rocket is NOT true? （ A） It can fly when there is no air. （ B） It can fly without wings. （ C） It is made of strong metal. （ D） It is propelled by burning gas inside it. 35 A rocket is pushed up in
36、to the air when_. （ A） hot gas rushes out of its head （ B） it is powered by gas （ C） hot gas rushes out of its bottom （ D） hot gas rushes out of its neck 35 Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers
37、are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable; Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts(爆炸 )inflicted by terrorists? Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Mu
38、ltidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research(MCEER)headquartered(总部在某地 )at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance(事先考查 )visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating
39、ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that su
40、stained damage, “ said M. Bruneau, Ph. D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performanc
41、e of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks, “ he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling(惊人的 )detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but wa
42、s badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building, “ explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor. “ The visit to the a
43、rea also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile(有延展性的 )framing systems may provide a simple,
44、but robust strategy for blast resistance, “ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse, “ said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a bui
45、lding to collapse and how you can predict it. A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant desi
46、gn may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present. 36 The question raised in the first paragraph is one_. （ A） that was asked by structural engineers a mo
47、nth ago （ B） that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now （ C） that was never imagined before the terrorist attack （ D） that terrorists are eager to find a solution to 37 The project funded by the National Science Foundation_. （ A） was first proposed by some engineers at UB （ B）
48、 took about two days to complete （ C） was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack （ D） was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts 38 The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker_. （ A） was part of the building close to the World Trade Center （ B） was part of the World Trad
49、e Center （ C） was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center （ D） damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center 39 A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that_. （ A） floors in the adjacent building remain undamaged （ B） some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion （ C） simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant （ D） floors in one of the adjacent building
