1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The contest between the two boxers was always bound to be difficult. （ A） argument （ B） fame （ C） behaviour （ D） fight 2 From all the different clues, we were able to deduce that the murderer w
2、as a short fat woman. （ A） work out （ B） consider （ C） suggest （ D） calculate 3 I know this is frustrating, but please try not to lose your temper. （ A） behave stupidly （ B） get impatient （ C） become moody （ D） get angry 4 Its no using trying to speak to her this morning: shes in a mood. （ A） bad-te
3、mpered （ B） fierce （ C） unhappy （ D） very angry 5 The old man lodged an official complaint about his neighbours behaviour. （ A） did （ B） put （ C） made （ D） set up 6 It was an exceptionally hot day for the time of year. （ A） a totally （ B） an unusually （ C） a fully （ D） an absolutely 7 Because he wor
4、e a strange collection of clothes and often talked to himself his neighbours considered him eccentric. （ A） ecstatic （ B） energetic （ C） exotic （ D） peculiar 8 She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. （ A） excellent （ B） peculiar （ C） extraordinary （ D） rare 9 Every effort
5、 was made to reduce the cost of the project substantially. （ A） effectively （ B） proportionately （ C） greatly （ D） marginally 10 Any perceivable alterations in climate could provide an exact description of todays climate. （ A） sensible （ B） thankful （ C） appreciable （ D） valuable 11 The volcanic eru
6、ption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 blew a gigantic amount of sulfates into the stratosphere. （ A） mighty （ B） wonderful （ C） colorful （ D） colossal 12 The park gave the whale to the Foundation and big contributions came from all parts of the world. （ A） dominations （ B） denotation （ C） donations （ D） s
7、ignatures 13 When these occur, we tend to resort to background tendencies and habits to justify our behavior. （ A） fall back on （ B） come up with （ C） live up to （ D） give way to 14 The pleasure-centered people are too soon bored with each subsequent level of “fun“. （ A） successful （ B） successive （
8、 C） succeeding （ D） succeeded 15 With adequate support and insight, all teachers can be active participants in excellent professional development. （ A） elusion （ B） vision （ C） respect （ D） rejection 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择
9、B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they
10、had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion(侵略蚀 ) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a pro blem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens
11、of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea. Angry owners have called on the Government to er
12、ect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The d
13、anger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened a reason the south coast of England. You can get a h
14、ouse for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. 16 The rising of the sea level is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England has no
15、w become a threat to the local residents. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The erosion can be stopped if proper measures are taken. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The experts study on the problem of erosion can warn people whose homes are in danger. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
16、 Not mentioned 20 The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens will soon become a problem for people living in central England. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It is not feasible to build sea defense to protect against erosion because it is too costly and will endanger neighboring are
17、as. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should guard against being cheated by the house agent. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的
18、6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 As early as kindergarten we re taught that there are nine planets, but 200 years ago, even scholars were sure there were only six planets. 2. As recently as the 1700s, people still believed that the planet Saturn was at the farthest ex
19、tent of the solar system. That there might be other planet wasnt even a respectable idea. 3. In 1781 a self-taught astronomer, William Herschel, was “sweeping the skies“ with his telescope. By March, he had reached the section including the constellation Gemini, and he spotted an object that appeare
20、d as a disk rather than a glowing star. Because it moved slightly from week to week, Herschel thought it was a comet. After a few mouths, however, he decided the orbit was circular“ and came to the shocking conclusion that it wasnt a comet, but an unknown planet. 4. People were astonished. No one si
21、nce ancient times had anyone named a planet. Herschel felt that is should be called “Georgium Sirius“ (Georges Star) after George , the king of England, some wanted to name it “Herschel“ after its discoverer. But one influential astronomer suggested “Uranus“, after the Greek god of the heavens. That
22、 made sense, since it was thought to be the limit of the solar system. 5. Could there be another planet affecting Uranus? A century earlier, Isaac Newton had come up with laws describing the effects that the gravitational forces of planets have on one another. Using Newtons laws, two young scientist
23、s, Jean Leverrier and John Couch Adams set out independently in 1840 to find the unknown planet whose gravitational forces might be pulling on Uranus. Both hoped the unknown planet would be where their calculations said they could find it. Adams finished his calculations first, in September 1845. Th
24、e following August, Leverrier completed his. 6. Leverrier traveled to the Berlin Observatory in Germany, and the young assistant mana get, Johann Gottfried Galle, agreed to help search for the planet. That was September 23, 1846. That night, Galle looked through the telescope, calling out stars and
25、their positions while a young student astronomer, Heinrich Louis d Arrest, looked at a star chart, searching for the stars Galle described. Finally Galle called out an eighth-magnitude star that d Arrest couldnt locate on the charts. They had found the unknown planet! It had taken two years of resea
26、rch but only a half hour at the telescope. The honor of the discovery belongs to both Adams and Leverrier, who had essentially discovered the new planet with just a pen and a new set of mathematical laws. The greenish planet was named after Neptune, god of the sea. 23 A. The Planet Uranus Is Named A
27、fter Greek God B. The planets concept hasnt always been accepted C. Sometimes It Takes a Little Bit of Maths And Logic to Matte Discoveries D. The Discovery of Uranus Was Made By a Self-taught Astronomer E. You need to be a trained astronomer to discover new things in the sky F. It Was Galle Who Fir
28、st Observed the Planet Nemune 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. after each of these planets B. by chance C. after a mere mortal D. new objects in the sky E. really help to make discoveries F. the tug of another planet 27 The planet Uranus was discovered_. 28 T
29、he planet Uranus was almost named _. 29 Besides maths and observation, a good telescope can_. 30 The effect of a planets orbit may be due to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 “Idle speculation“ has no place in science, but “speculation“ is its very lifeblood, a
30、 wellknown physicist believes. The more fundamental and far-reaching a scientific theory is, the more speculative it is likely to be. It is erroneous to believe that science is only concerned with “pure facts“, for mere accumulation of facts is a primitive form of science. A mature science tries to
31、arrange facts in significant patterns to see relationships between previously unrelated aspects of the universe. A theory that does not suggest new ways of looking at the universe is not likely to make an important contribution to the development of science. However it is also important that theorie
32、s are checked by new experiments and observations. Dr. Ovenden discusses recent discoveries in biology, chemistry, and physics that give clues to the possibility of life in the solar system and other star systems. He discusses conditions on Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn, and considers whether or
33、not the same conditions may be found on planets of other stars. Only the planets Venus, Earth, and Mars lie within the temperature zone, about 75,000, 000 miles wide in which life can exist. Venus is covered by a dense layer of clouds which permit no observation of the surface, and the surface tempe
34、rature of the planet is not known. Mars is colder than Earth, the average temperature being about minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, compared with plus 59 degrees Fahrenheit as the average for earth. However near the Mars poles during the summer season, temperatures may rise to as much as 70 degrees Fahre
35、nheit, whereas winter temperatures may fall to minus 130 degrees Fahrenheit. Because of the extreme difference in the Martian(火星的 ) seasons, the only life forms expected to exist, without a built-in(内在的，固有的 ) temperature control such as warm-blooded animals and humans have, are those which would sta
36、y inactive most of the year. Attempts have been made to detect in the spectrum of the dark markings on Mars, the absorption lines due to chlorophyII. So far the test has not succeeded. But the infrared spectrum of the Martian markings has been found to be very similar to the spectrum of earth vegeta
37、tion when studied at high altitudes. 31 Life, as we know it, most likely would exist on Mars near its _. （ A） poles （ B） equator （ C） center （ D） canals 32 According to the author, life cannot exist on _. （ A） Venus （ B） Earth （ C） Mars （ D） Saturn 33 A mature science （ A） presents pure facts （ B） d
38、isregards speculative thinking （ C） looks for significant patterns in the facts （ D） uses idle speculations as life-blood 34 Dr Ovenden makes use of discoveries in biology, chemistry and physics to develop theories about_. （ A） speculative thinking （ B） the existence of life in the solar system （ C）
39、 astronomy （ D） new experiments and observations 35 “Speculation is sciences very life-blood“ means that scientists _. （ A） are gamblers on science （ B） must form opinions about the data they gather （ C） must concern themselves with provable facts （ D） must understand all sciences 36 Certainly no cr
40、eature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber(海参 ). All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about an odd animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost contin
41、uously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous hut is considered supremely edible by gourmets(美食家 ) ? For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to r
42、ocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud fiats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up .mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddis
43、h-brown to sandcolor and nearly white. One form even had vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumbers-shaped hence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into narrow cracks where they are safe from pre
44、dators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become inactive and live at a low metabolic rate feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multipl
45、y. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all
46、its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate排除内脏 ) and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. 36 T
47、he passage is mainly about_. （ A） the reason for the sea cucumbers name （ B） ways to identify the sea cucumber （ C） places where the sea cucumber can be found （ D） the peculiarities that make the sea cucumber unusual 37 According to the passage, the shape of sea cucumber is imp6rtant because _. （ A）
48、 it helps them to digest their food （ B） it helps them to protect themselves from danger （ C） it makes it easier for them to move through the mud （ D） it makes them attractive to fish 38 The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses _. （ A） the reproduction of sea cucumbers （ B） the food s
49、ources of sea cucumbers （ C） the eating habits of sea cucumbers （ D） threats to sea cucumbers existence 39 Which of the following characteristics of the sea cucumber seems to fascinate the author most? （ A） What the sea cucumber does when threatened. （ B） Where the sea cucumber lives. （ C） How the sea cucumber hides from predators. （ D） What the sea cucumber eats. 40 What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber? （ A） They are very sensitive t
