1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 My best friend disgraced his athletics team by cheating. （ A） didnt respect （ B） lost the honour （ C） brought shame on （ D） didnt praise 2 I thought the rule not allowing women to compete was c
2、ompletely absurd. （ A） ridiculous （ B） annoying （ C） mean （ D） splendid 3 After what I have heard, I have no inclination to go to her home. （ A） influence （ B） wish （ C） tendency （ D） need 4 I m speaking on behalf of my friend John. （ A） in place of （ B） in front of （ C） directly about （ D） with reg
3、ard to 5 Her peers were her worst critics. （ A） students （ B） equals （ C） teachers （ D） subordinates 6 There is certainly some truth to that charge, and our recent financial policies haven t helped. （ A） physical （ B） fiscal （ C） economical （ D） capital 7 Although the men s movement and the anxiety
4、it expresses are city-based, the dispute is widespread. （ A） contest （ B） deliberation （ C） disturbance （ D） debate 8 Hersheypark began integrating recycling into its public information programs more than five years ago. （ A） including （ B） incorporating （ C） indicating （ D） indulging 9 John s paren
5、ts brought him up to be very thrifty. （ A） miserly （ B） careful with money （ C） mean to people （ D） profitable 10 “Its been a privilege to meet you, sir,“ the young man said to the artist as he was leaving. （ A） a pleasure （ B） an ambition （ C） an honour （ D） a sad occasion 11 Fortunately, when my c
6、ar broke down in the country, I had my mobile with me. （ A） Accidentally （ B） Fatally （ C） Luckily （ D） By chance 12 One of the Nobel Economics Prize winner once said: “Every leisure act has an economic payoff for someone.“ （ A） reward （ B） loss （ C） claim （ D） disadvantage 13 The thief ran away wit
7、h two overcoats and a jacket. （ A） broke away （ B） broke out （ C） made off （ D） made out 14 To my mind his integrity is above suspicion. （ A） modesty （ B） intelligence （ C） uprightness （ D） capability 15 The young man is too bashful to speak to strangers. （ A） shy （ B） haughty （ C） indifferent （ D）
8、upset 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Imagine eating everything delicious your want-with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United Sta
9、tes recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients(营养物 ) and can also cause unp
10、leasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fatfree products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat
11、, the researchers created a fat the cant be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines(肠 ) “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acid
12、s are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fa
13、tty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat
14、without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids(类胡萝卜素 ), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well
15、as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming. 16 Olestra is a substance that makes foods fat-free while keeping them delic
16、ious. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be quite unexpected. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body. （ A） Right （ B
17、） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The possible negative effect of Olestra is that it may impair the digestive system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Some critics say the new compound may increase the risk of cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Adding vitamins to olestra may
18、trigger a new wave of fake food production. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Olestra can pass through the intestines without being absorbed. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求
19、从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Every year thousands of grey whales make the longest migration of any animal, traveling 7,000 miles each way between the Arctic and Baja, California. The grey whales spend the long summer days in their Arctic feeding grounds in the Bering Sea between Alaska and Russia. Un
20、like a fish, the whale is warm-blooded and must therefore maintain a relatively high internal body temperature. In the cold Arctic waters the grey whale is protected by an outer layer of blubber which averages six inches in thickness. Other whales such as the Greenland Night whale have been found wi
21、th a two-foot thick layer of blubber covering their bodies. 2. During these summer months, in the Arctic the grey whales fatten themselves by consuming enormous quantities of small shrimp-like animals called amphipods. Recent observations of a young grey whale, Gigi , held in captivity at Sea World
22、in San Diego during 1971 and 1972, suggest that the grey whale feeds by sweeping its enormous head over the bottom. The amphipods on which it feeds are either stirred off the bottom or leap off the bottom to escape. These animals and the surrounding water are sucked into the whales mouth. As the wat
23、er is expelled from the mouth, it passes through coarse baleen fibres. The small animals are trapped and swallowed. 3. In October as the days get shorter and ice begins to form over the Arctic feeding grounds, the California grey whale begins its long journey south to the warm waters of Baja, Califo
24、rnia. During this three-month long trip the whales travelling in groups stay close to the shore of North America, swimming both day and night and averaging abut 100 miles per day. 4 During the trip south the grey whales that are sexually mature, at least three years old, and not pregnant already, fo
25、rm mating groups. These groups are composed of three whales, two males and a female. The dominant male couples with the female while the second male is kept busy positioning the two whales on their sides facing each other and keeping them together during the sex act. This is no small job, since each
26、 whale can be fifty feet long and weigh forty tons. 5. During December and January the grey whales arrive at the warm lagoons along the coast of Baja, California. The whales swim miles inland along narrow shallow channels. These channels are the breeding grounds of the California grey whale. The cal
27、f has been gestating in the pregnant female for the last thirteen months, that is, since her last journey south. The expectant cow is aided in the birth of the calf by another female that acts as a midwife. At birth the calf sinks toward the sea floor. Being a mammal the whale must breathe at the su
28、rface. The midwife guides the baby whale to the surface for its first gulp of air. The calf then finds its mothers nipples and rich whale milk is forced into its mouth. During the next two months the calf will grow twenty feet and double its weight. 6. In March the whales begin their long journey no
29、rth to the Arctic. The newly-pregnant females leave first, following by the males and immature females. The last to leave the warm waters of Baja are the females and their calves. The whales arrive at their Arctic feeding ground in June. Many scientists believe that during this entire eight month lo
30、ng, 14,000 mile journey, the California grey whale does not feed at all! 23 A. The Voyage Back B. An Arctic Summer C. Feeding Habits D. At the Breeding Grounds E. The Move South F. Mating 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. small shrimp-like animals called amphi
31、pods B. protects the whale in Arctic waters. C. increase the circulation of its blood. D. two males and one female. E. leaves its Arctic feeding grounds, F. the surface of the water by a whale “midwife“. 27 A layer of blubber approximately six inches thick _. 28 The whale feeds on_. 29 A mating grou
32、p consists of _. 30 The newly-born whale is assisted to _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 To live in the Untied States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge fo
33、r practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, n
34、either is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle(挑战者号航天飞机 ) and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; the
35、y provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱 )and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to p
36、ieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological developments have had a
37、greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an informationbased economy is in the same camp as other great historical mileston
38、es, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a so
39、ciety in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced t
40、he muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential
41、and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society. 31 A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it _. （ A） is used both as a cultural and a physical object （ B） serves different purposes equally well （ C） is utilized by man （ D） can be of use to both man a
42、nd animal 32 The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that_. （ A） if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world （ B） technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it （ C） technology usually goes wrong, if not controlle
43、d by man （ D） being a human creation, technology is liable to error 33 According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because_. （ A） the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind （ B） the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people b
44、efore （ C） it has helped to switch to an information technology （ D） it has a great potential impact on society 34 By using the phrase “the human quality of technology“(Line 5, Para. 2), the author refers to the fact that technology_. （ A） has a great impact on human life （ B） has some characteristi
45、cs of human nature （ C） can replace some aspects of the human mind （ D） does not exist in the natural world 35 The passage is based on the authors _. （ A） keen insight into the nature of technology （ B） prejudiced criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution （ C） cautious analysis of the repla
46、cement of the human mind by computers （ D） exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology 36 Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For not many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anyth
47、ing more than the vaguest of insights(了解 ). It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants. But from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Pl
48、ants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the j
49、ungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probab-ly not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a ros
