1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly. （ A） begin （ B） cease （ C） continue （ D） keep 2 The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gol
2、d rashes the world has ever known. （ A） location （ B） view （ C） event （ D） landscape 3 She has been the subject of massive media coverage. （ A） extensive （ B） negative （ C） expensive （ D） active 4 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. （ A） rejected （ B） investigated （ C） pro
3、posed （ D） postponed 5 The sea was calm and still. （ A） quite （ B） quiet （ C） yet （ D） rough 6 In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull. （ A） confuses （ B） excites （ C） scares （ D） satisfies 7 The committee comprises five persons. （ A） absorbs （ B） concems
4、（ C） excludes （ D） involves 8 The repair work involved modifying two of the windows. （ A） cleating （ B） changing （ C） mending （ D） painting 9 We derive knowledge mainly from books. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 10 We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities. （ A） dangerous
5、（ B） doubtful （ C） active （ D） easy 11 The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a.chair, and a table. （ A） supplied （ B） gathered （ C） grasped （ D） made 12 The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one. （ A） motivate （ B） combine （ C） compact （ D） nominate 13
6、He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides. （ A） favorable （ B） possible （ C） formal （ D） genuine 14 When does the next train depart? （ A） pull up （ B） pull down （ C） pull out （ D） pull in 15 Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the cloc
7、k. （ A） adjusting （ B） evaluating （ C） engaging （ D） managing 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及 ，请选择 C。 16 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风 ) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into
8、 Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏半状的 )cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it g
9、o up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees felt onto houses and cars.
10、Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色 ). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone
11、to go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.
12、The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire tr
13、ucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had. to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were eva
14、cuated (撤走 ). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder. “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“ 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17
15、 George Snyder was a firefighter. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There h
16、ad not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Several people were missing during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、
17、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Robots 1. The most sophisticated (先进的 ) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at .very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robot
18、s, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接 ), spray-p
19、ainting and assembling components. 3. In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more a
20、ware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are s
21、o popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6. The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or. mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent-to working 18 hours a day for two years). On
22、e way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, t
23、he robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. 23 A Ongoing Research B Extension of Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A too much energy B base
24、d on American designs C they are too costly D they are not reliable E good to quality control F free of charge 27 Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28 Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29 One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _. 30 It is clai
25、med that introducing robots is _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分， 共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 A Thirsty World The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of tile earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this hug
26、e amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%-the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it Is in the form of icebergs (冰山 ) and glaciers (冰川 ). Even worse, some of it has been pol
27、luted. At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our need for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture
28、 and industry. In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one useful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it, Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale. Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea o
29、r runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a purifying (净化 ) plant. There it can be filtered (过滤 ) and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring. But even if every large city purified and reused its w
30、ater, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is-remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world. So if we take all these steps, well be in no danger of drying up!
31、 31 The phrase “the world“ in the first line of the passage refers to （ A） man. （ B） you. （ C） woman. （ D） they. 32 What percentage of the earths water can man actually use at present? （ A） Nearly 75 per cent. （ B） About 97 per cent. （ C） Exactly 3 per cent. （ D） Less than 3 per cent. 33 According t
32、o the passage, we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future, by （ A） increasing rainfall. （ B） musing water and utilizing sea-water. （ C） cutting down our consumption of water. （ D） reducing the number of factories producing steel. 34 Which of the following statements, according to the pass
33、age, is NOT true? （ A） A limited water supply will affect industrial production. （ B） Every large city purifies and reuses its water. （ C） Purified water is not exactly as fresh as spring water. （ D） Oceans are the largest water source. 35 According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh
34、 water by （ A） heating it up. （ B） treating it with chemicals. （ C） taking salt out of it. （ D） drying it up. 36 Nonverbal Thinking in Engineering Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science. However, their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by
35、technologists, designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to clear verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. Pyramids, cathedrals, a
36、nd rockets exist not because of geometry or thermo-dynamics (动力学 ), but because they were first the picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact (人工制品 that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a
37、technologist might express individual (个人的 ) ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive (直觉的 ) sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber (燃烧室 )? Where should the valves (阀 ) be placed? Such questions have a range of answers tha
38、t are supplied by experience, by physical requirement, by limitations of available space, and not in the least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component design remains primary. Design courses, t
39、hen, should be an essential element of engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, which is the special technique of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to need “hard thinking“, nonverbal thought
40、is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal mathematical thought. If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical (分析的 ) engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can exp
41、ect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded with high-tech controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because the fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Random failures that bring automatic c
42、ontrol systems into trouble are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics. 36 The passage is mainly concerned with （ A） the modes of thinking that are used by technologists. （ B） the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.
43、（ C） the new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering. （ D） the difference between the goals of engineers and those of technologists. 37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example involving nonverbal thinking in paragraphs 1 and 2? （ A） Building cathedrals. （ B） Creating rockets. （
44、C） Designing diesel engines. （ D） Making boats. 38 The example of the diesel engine is used in the passage to illustrate that （ A） errors in engineering design are unavoidable. （ B） the nonscientific component design is primary. （ C） mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design. （ D） desig
45、n courses form a part of engineering curricula. 39 It can be inferred that the writer thinks that engineering curricula are （ A） strengthened when they include courses in design. （ B） weakened by the courses designed to develop mathematical skills. （ C） weak because they include some nonscientific c
46、omponents. （ D） strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking. 40 What contributes to random failures in automatic control systems? （ A） Using too many inexperienced engineers in the field. （ B） Attaching too much importance to nonverbal thinking in engineering. （ C） Relying too heav
47、ily on the role of mathematics in design. （ D） Depending very little on verbal mathematical thought. 41 Black Holes What is a black hole? Well, its difficult to answer this question, since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here, Astronomers and scientists t
48、hink that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape not even light. So we cant see a black hole. A black hole exerts (施加 ) a strong gravitational (重力的 ) pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space or so we think. How can this h
49、appen? The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they “collapse“ and sometimes a supernova (超新星 ) occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf (白矮星 ) “or a “neutron star“ a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the
