1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The government is debating the education laws. （ A） discussing （ B） defeating （ C） delaying （ D） declining 2 They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year. （ A） go
2、ods （ B） soil （ C） climate （ D） harvest 3 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repair （ D） paint 4 During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. （ A） permanent （ B） powerful （ C） striki
3、ng （ D） practical 5 Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 6 He invested a considerable amount of money in the project. （ A） immense （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） real
4、istic 7 The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very causal. （ A） formal （ B） informal （ C） regular （ D） irregular 8 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 9 They are worded abo
5、ut their capacity to invest in the future. （ A） capital （ B） ability （ C） expense （ D） reality 10 The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles. （ A） quicken （ B） shorten （ C） loosen （ D） enlarge 11 We should never content ourselves with only a little knowledge. （ A）
6、convince （ B） satisfy （ C） comfort （ D） benefit 12 We should contemplated the problem from all sides. （ A） deliberated （ B） thought （ C） described （ D） designed 13 His health had deteriorated while he was in prison. （ A） became better （ B） became worse （ C） became stronger （ D） became weaker 14 I me
7、ant to give you this book today, but I forgot. （ A） intended to （ B） tended to （ C） extended to （ D） pretended to 15 As a matter of fact, I love soft music more than popular music. （ A） Basically （ B） Probably （ C） Actually （ D） Accurately 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做
8、出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 El Nino While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That wo
9、uld be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to
10、anticipate El Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare. a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved i
11、n the work, said it “suggestsEl Nino is indeed predictable.“ “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods.“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead.times.“ Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but the
12、y have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $ 20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by b
13、eneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development o
14、f seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least
15、 a year if the new method is confirmed. El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in th
16、e next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible. El Ninon. 厄尔尼诺现象 equatorial adj.赤道的 occurrence n. 发生 meteorologist n.气象学家 offset v. 抵销 lead adj. 提前的 monsoon n.季风 tricky adj.难以捉摸的 16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few mo
17、nths in advance. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surfac
18、e temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Weares contribution in predicting E 1 Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino
19、 in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. （ A） right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. （ A） right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not me
20、ntioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Ford 1. Fords great strength was the manufacturing process not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces
21、of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2. The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industr
22、ial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转 ). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响 ) along in 1914, the
23、 worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the 5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was 2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled t
24、hat, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic crime“, and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4. But as
25、 the wage increased later to daily 10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的 ) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matter except for making it possible for more people
26、 to buy cars. 23 A Fords Followers B The Assembly Line C Fords Great Dream D The Establishment of the Company E Fords Biggest Contribution F Fords Great Talent 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A criticized by the media B the low wage in the auto industry C own a
27、 car D produce cars in large numbers E the 8-hour-shift practice F combined technology and market 27 The assembly line made it possible to _. 28 Ford was the first to adopt _. 29 Higher wages enabled many people to _. 30 Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题
28、3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing about people not their clothes, ideas, or languages m has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树 ) by South American Ind
29、ians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500%. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 160
30、0; the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒 )“ of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. Ther
31、e are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in
32、 Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the wor
33、lds population now starts the day with. 31 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （ A） Food. （ B） Clothing. （ C） Ideology. （ D） Language. 32 “Some“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to （ A） some cocoa trees. （ B） some chocolate d
34、rinks. （ C） some shops. （ D） some South American Indians. 33 Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because （ A） they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else. （ B） they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. （ C） the weather condit
35、ions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes. （ D） the potato harvest was bad. 34 Which country is the largest coffee producer? （ A） Brazil. （ B） Colombia. （ C） Ethiopia. （ D） Egypt. 35 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? （ A） One third of the worlds po
36、pulation drinks coffee. （ B） Coffee is native to Colombia. （ C） Coffee can keep one awake. （ D） Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs. 36 Please Fasten Your Seatbelts Severe turbulence (湍流 ) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test flights over the Rocky Mountains; NASA (美国航空航天局 ) engineers have
37、successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it. Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去 ) passengers about the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others w
38、ere injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds. However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策 ) for this sort of thing,“ says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASAs Dryd
39、en Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The centres new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar. Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depends on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts
40、 according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the planes airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩 ) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度 ) of the turbulence.
41、 In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly. into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉 ) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecasts of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbu
42、lence that the plane encountered. Bogue says that he had “a comfortable amount of time“ to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidars range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircraft in the next few years. 36 What does “clear-air turb
43、ulence“ probably mean? (Paragraph 1) （ A） A not very rough storm. （ B） Unexpected disturbed air. （ C） A kind of visible storm. （ D） A storm over mountain ridges. 37 In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air, （ A） causing a lot of damage to the plane. （ B） throwing its passe
44、ngers out of the cabin. （ C） resulting in heavy casualties. （ D） forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing. 38 The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuring （ A） the speed of the plane. （ B） the speed of the light. （ C） the number of particles in the air. （ D） the
45、 changes of the particles speed. 39 We can infer from the fifth paragraph that （ A） the lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence. （ B） researchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector. （ C） passenger planes will be used in further experiments. （ D） no more test fligh
46、ts are needed. 40 The last paragraph tells us, among other things, that （ A） the lidar detector needs improvement. （ B） many airlines are interested in the system. （ C） passengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts. （ D） the lidar detector can be used in a wide range of areas. 41 “Salty“ Rice Pl
47、ant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spe
48、nt several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditio
49、ns. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林 ) that create swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to
