1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 They agreed to modify their policy. （ A） clarify （ B） change （ C） define （ D） develop 2 It s prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first. （ A） workable （ B） sensible （ C） possible
2、 （ D） feasible 3 He is renowned for his skill. （ A） remembered （ B） recommended （ C） praised （ D） well-known 4 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position. （ A） maintain （ B） establish （ C） acquire （ D） support 5 Mary looked pale and weary. （ A） gloomy （ B） ugly （ C） silly （ D） exhau
3、sted 6 Charles Wheeler s paintings often highlight the sharp edges and geometrical shapes of machines. （ A） extend （ B） emphasize （ C） distort （ D） soften 7 The leader s corruption undermined the image of the company. （ A） establish （ B） damage （ C） strengthen （ D） consolidate 8 The new communicatio
4、n system is by no means a minute invention. （ A） small （ B） accidental （ C） significant （ D） timely 9 Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 10 The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. （ A） movement （ B） words （ C
5、） principle （ D） behavior 11 If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it. （ A） clarify （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） correct 12 We derive information mainly from the Internet. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 13 Marsha confessed that she knew nothing about computer. （ A） hoped （
6、 B） admitted （ C） reported （ D） answered 14 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. （ A） general （ B） traditional （ C） magnificent （ D） strong 15 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. （ A） understand （ B） give （ C） attach （ D） lose 二、 阅读判断 (第
7、 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Look After Your Voice Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth. First gently bit
8、e the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or, press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice. Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drink
9、s which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to r
10、est your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice. What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advise you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink giv
11、es you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking. Perhaps you want to accept t
12、he advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, “We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter. “ Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new ha
13、bits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body. 16 To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The first paragraph mentions thre
14、e ways of activating the saliva in the mouth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The writer suggests that you go to see a doctor when you feel you are losing your voice. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The writers advice about alcohol before you make a speech is to take one or t
15、wo drinks so as to give yourself some confidence. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Goethe often did outdoor skating and swimming. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
16、Not mentioned 22 The writer cites Goethe to prove that one can change one s habits. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-fl
17、u 1 If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should
18、consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. 2 But it s a question the public keeps asking while the governments are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)came up with(提出 )preliminary guidelines(初步指导方针 ). “We dont wa
19、nt people wearing them everywhere, “ said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure. 3 When that s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you re healthy and cant avoid going to a c
20、rowded place. Second, you re sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. 4 Influenza pandemic can strike when the easy-to-mut
21、ate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. 5 During the flu pandemic, you should protect y
22、ourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren t masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden(含有病毒的、充满细菌的 )droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger
23、 droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. 6 Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a door
24、knob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you ve been exposed. It s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside
25、 of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users. 7 Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing. A. Reasons for Exc
26、luding Masks From the Self-protection List B. Effort to Stop Flu From Spreading C. When to Use Face Masks D. Guideline on Mask Use E. Warnings From the CDC F. Danger of Infection Through Germy Hands and Masks 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 26 A. overuse face masks B.
27、 deal with the mask problem seriously C. rub their faces and noses in the subway D. protest against the mask guidelines E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. announce the results of their mask research 27 The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not_. 28 The CDC is
28、afraid that the public may _. 29 The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists_. 30 We can infer from the passage that the US authorities_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? In the aftermath
29、 of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists? Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin t
30、owers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research(MCEER)headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit
31、, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Cent
32、er, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage, “ said M. Bruneau, Ph. D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married
33、 to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks, “ he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a
34、block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building, “ explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the
35、 window and through the floor. The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant duct
36、ile(有延展性的 )framing systems may provide a simple , but robust strategy for blast resistance, “ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse, “ said A.
37、 Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it. “ A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural component
38、s. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present. 31 The question raised in the first paragraph is on
39、e_. （ A） that was asked by structural engineers a month ago （ B） that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now （ C） that was never imagined before the terrorist attack （ D） that terrorists are eager to find a solution to 32 The project funded by the National Science Foundation_.
40、（ A） was first proposed by some engineers at UB （ B） took about two days to complete （ C） was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack （ D） was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts 33 The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker_. （ A） was part of the building close to th
41、e World Trade Center （ B） was part of the World Trade Center （ C） was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center （ D） damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center 34 A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that_ .
42、 （ A） floors in the adjacent building remain undamaged （ B） some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion （ C） simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant （ D） floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris 35 What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last para
43、graph may imply all the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） blast engineers should develop new solutions for terrorist-resistant design （ B） blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terrorist-resistant design （ C） solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-res
44、istant design （ D） blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science 35 Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don t mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might als
45、o power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. , have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy p
46、roduced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system(GPS)receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks el
47、ectricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer s load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. Science. The backpack s electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits agains
48、t the wearer s back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7. 4 watts. Unexpectedly tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response t
49、o the pack s oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible t
