1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 23及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The conference was hailed as a great success. （ A） published （ B） challenged （ C） acclaimed （ D） guided 2 The defendant asked for a number of other offences to be taken into account. （ A） calc
2、ulation （ B） computation （ C） consideration （ D） assessment 3 I did remember, but only dimly. （ A） inadequately （ B） hardly （ C） faintly （ D） sufficiently 4 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. （ A） expressive （ B） physical （ C） exaggerated （ D） dubious 5 His breathing w
3、as steady. （ A） regular （ B） usual （ C） common （ D） ordinary 6 I doubt theyll be able to help but it s worth trying. （ A） growing （ B） wrapping （ C） hiding （ D） attempting 7 When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. （ A） willingly （ B） suddenly （ C） firmly （ D） quickly 8 The deadly di
4、sease has affected these animals. （ A） contagious （ B） serious （ C） fatal （ D） worrying 9 Lead is potentially damaging to children s health. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 10 We aim to increase the speed of delivery. （ A） velocity （ B） impulse （ C） ratio （ D） atrocity 11 Exposu
5、re to the Sun can accelerate the ageing process. （ A） step up （ B） decrease （ C） stop （ D） control 12 More resources are being allocated to the project. （ A） persuaded （ B） assigned （ C） asked （ D） ordered 13 The system is designed to be used in conjunction with a word processing program. （ A） toget
6、her （ B） in succession （ C） in alliance （ D） in connection 14 These old buildings are gorgeous. （ A） ridiculous （ B） lovely （ C） magnificent （ D） peculiar 15 They scattered after dinner. （ A） separated （ B） fled （ C） departed （ D） spread 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判
7、断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Plants in Desert Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75 C . Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to
8、 protect plants from the sun s ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants, tearing and damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall oc
9、curs during a few days or weeks in spring. Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait
10、 until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time the water from the spring rains disappears just a few weeks after it falls such plants no longer need any. The perennials(多年生植物 )have special feat
11、ures that enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time. The small shoot system, on the
12、other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation(蒸发 ). Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss
13、by evaporation during the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do. 16 Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather. （ A） Right （ B）
14、 Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Grasses and flowers in desert are able to survive because they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short show their ability to adapt t
15、o the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Winter is the toughest season for the grasses and flowers to survive. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the s
16、un s ray. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees in wetter climates lose the
17、irs because winter arrives, but the reasons for this feature are different. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Science Fiction 1 Amongst the most popular books
18、 being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 2 It is often thought that scien
19、ce fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. 3 Most of the classics of science f
20、iction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages. 4 Modern science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars(火星 )or space adventure stories. Th
21、ey are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this, their writing has obvious political undertones(含义 ). 5 In an age where science fact frequ
22、ently overtakes(超过 )science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to
23、 master its new technology. A. Popularity of Science Fiction B. A Fairly New Development C. Classics of Science Fiction D. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Adventure E. Its Origin F. Themes of Modern Science Fiction 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 26 A. concerned
24、 with the problems to solve in the future B. to keep ahead of scientific advances C. have political implication D. a current theme E. read worldwide F. a recurrent theme 27 Some form of ideal society is_. 28 Books written by Jules Verne are_. 29 Modern science fiction_. 30 The writers find it diffic
25、ult_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the sup
26、erior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms(微生物 )that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is
27、adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic(无机的 )chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun s energy to make food from ino
28、rganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like
29、a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development a
30、nd production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals(哺乳动物 ), which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an or
31、ganism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. 31 Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_ （ A） help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things need
32、ed （ B） survive even in extremely severe conditions （ C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind （ D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms 32 In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by_ （ A） contexts （ B） surr
33、oundings （ C） neighbours （ D） enemies 33 It can be inferred from this passage that some insects use their body color_ （ A） to frighten its enemies （ B） to attract its enemies （ C） to adjust its body heat （ D） to match its environment 34 Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned? （ A） A living
34、 thing may adapt in its structure. （ B） An organism may adapt in its function. （ C） A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup. （ D） A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit. 35 The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate that （ A） a living thing may
35、have the ability to create an environment of its own （ B） a living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near （ C） a living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals （ D） a living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin 35
36、Older Volcanic Eruptions Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease. Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctio
37、ns. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the “kill
38、ing efficiency“ for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava(熔岩 )that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. The Permian(二叠纪 )extinction, for ex
39、ample, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes(十亿吨 )of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 perce
40、nt of all marine genera(种类 )at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of yea
41、rs. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all, “ Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid(小行星 ). He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power beca
42、use more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the kill
43、ing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily corres
44、pond to carbon dioxide emissions. 36 Why were older volcanic eruptions more destructive than more recent ones according to Wignall? （ A） Because they were brighter. （ B） Because they were larger. （ C） Because more recent life forms were better adapted to CO2. （ D） Because older volcanic eruptions re
45、leased more lava. 37 “Killing efficiency“ is calculated by comparing_. （ A） the span of time volcanoes lasted （ B） the volume of lava volcanoes produced （ C） the number of living things volcanoes killed off （ D） the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava 38 Permian extinction occurred_
46、. （ A） 300 million years ago （ B） 250 million years ago （ C） 60 million years ago （ D） 65 million years ago 39 Which of the following is wrong according to Paragraph 3? （ A） Only 80 percent of marine genera survived the global warming caused by the Permian extinction. （ B） It took 5 million years fo
47、r the planet to recover from the Permian extinction. （ C） The huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming 60 million years ago did not lead to mass extinction. （ D） The cause of dinosaurs extinction has remained a controversial issue. 40 What is Vincent Courtillot s attitude toward Wignall s
48、 idea? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Unclear. 40 Egypt Felled by Famine Even ancient Egypt s mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned(搜集 )from mud deposited by the River Nile sug
49、gests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame and the same or worse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile s annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons(季风 )southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods. Dwindling(使减少 )rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to establish the soil. When rain did fall it would hav
