1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The weather here has been exceptionally mild. （ A） extremely （ B） identically （ C） fashionably （ D） faithfully 2 He was said to have been removed from the position of manager for a recent confl
2、ict with an important customer. （ A） dismissed （ B） released （ C） picked （ D） exposed 3 I didnt immediately realize that how serious the situation was. （ A） once more （ B） right now （ C） fight down （ D） once again 4 I reserve the right to disagree. （ A） deserve （ B） keep （ C） perceive （ D） notice 5
3、Do you believe these two intimate friends used to be enemies? （ A） bearable （ B） internal （ C） close （ D） believable 6 Your compass and clock are the most essential instruments in sailing. （ A） equipments （ B） tools （ C） instructions （ D） opportunities 7 This book embraces many subjects. （ A） adopts
4、 （ B） covers （ C） presses （ D） accepts 8 We are wasting precious time sitting around here. （ A） valuable （ B） leisure （ C） spare （ D） previous 9 You must shine your shoes. （ A） lighten （ B） clean （ C） wash （ D） polish 10 A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday. （ A） waited on （ B） t
5、alked to （ C） spoke to （ D） stayed with 11 These are our motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） arguments （ C） targets （ D） pursuit 12 Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them. （ A） control （ B） contribute （ C） convey （ D） contact 13 The example was fundamental to the argument.
6、（ A） impressive （ B） public （ C） essential （ D） slight 14 He did his best to inspire his team to great efforts. （ A） persuade （ B） instruct （ C） encourage （ D） discourage 15 I notified him that the meeting had been postponed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1
7、分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Bees and Color On our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different gray cards. These gray cards are of all possible shades of gray land includ
8、e white and black. on each card a watch-glass is placed .The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup (果汁 ) in it; all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the
9、 bluecard and put an empty one in its place. Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the gray cards, in spite of the fact that one of the gray cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees
10、do not mistake any shade of gray. for blue. In his way we have proved that they do really see blue as a color. We can find out in just the same way what other colors bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colors, but these insects differ from us as regards their color-sense in two very
11、 interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different gray cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark gray or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is
12、not a color at all for bees; for them it is just dark gray or black. That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another color which we cannot see at all. This color beyond the violet, invisible to us, is ca
13、lled the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra -violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra -violet light, bees can do so; for them ultra -violet is a colon Thus bees see a color which we cannot even imagine. This has bee
14、n found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness. 16 Experiment with bees described in the first
15、 and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a colon （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 17 The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a color. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 18 The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are no
16、t able to see gray as a color. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 19 An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultra-violet as a colon （ A） Tree （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 20 The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultra-viole
17、t light. （ A） Tree （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 21 We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colors in the same way as human beings. （ A） True （ B） False P （ C） Not mentioned 22 Bees are more sensitive to colors than human beings. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 2
18、3-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is giv
19、en off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the s
20、un because electromagnetic energy travels through space. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的 ) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it
21、 is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings
22、. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in
23、 industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped
24、behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would h
25、ave used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用 ) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子 ) rearrangement. Nuclear energ
26、y comes from a Change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦 ). Nuclear energy is beginnin
27、g to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. 23 A. Nuclear reactions as the lasting source of the suns energy. B. The most im
28、portant source of energy. C. Types of electromagnetic energy. D. The machines used for energy generation. E. Seeking new sources of energy. F. The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine. 23 Paragraph 3 _. 24 Paragraph 4 _. 25 Paragraph 5 _. 26 Paragraph 6 _. 27 A. when it is absorbed by matter B.
29、when it is cloudy C. because they can pass through solid objects D. when the sunrays are fierce E. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place F. when electron rearrangement takes place 27 One can get a sunburn even _. 28 Infrared radiation can produce heat _. 29 X-rays and gamma rays can be
30、 used to detect and treat cancer _. 30 Chemical energy is generated _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, t
31、he American Cancer Society said Monday. In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease. This could be because of unequal (不平等的 ) access to medical care, because blacks are more
32、 likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学 ) of the cancer itself, the report added. “In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all .stages of diagnosis,“ the report said
33、. “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.“ The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查 ) e
34、arlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role. “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,“ the organization said in a stat
35、ement. But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates. “Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率 ),“ said the report. 31 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than （ A） people in other count
36、ries. （ B） white Americans. （ C） all other Americans. （ D） their ancestors. 32 Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? （ A） Unequal access to medical care. （ B） Greater probability of having other diseases. （ C） Differences in the biology of the cancer. （ D） Early di
37、agnosis. 33 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected （ A） in an early stage. （ B） in a late stage. （ C） all of a sudden. （ D） together with other diseases. 34 Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with （ A） death rates. （ B） various cancers. （ C） unfair social differences. （ D） b
38、iological differences. 35 Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans （ A） have been going up and down. （ B） have remained stable. （ C） have increased, （ D） have fallen. 36 Crystal Ear One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid. “He certainly does,“ replied Jill. After he
39、aring about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if Id ever thought about getting a hearing aid. “No way,“ I said. “It would make me look 20 years older.“ “No, no,“ she replied. “This is entirely different. Its Crystal Ear!“ Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different not t
40、he old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid, but an advanced personal sound system so small that its like contacts (隐形眼镜 ) for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years. Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sou
41、nd is pure and natural. I couldnt believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and its almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and its ready-to-wear mold (形状 ) fits comfortably. Since its not too loud or too tight, you ma
42、y even forget that youre wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations, use Crystal Ear only when you need it. Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the worlds
43、 number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the “soun
44、d solution“ is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off (下降 ), can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available t
45、o help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier (放大器 ). 36 Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because （ A） it would make him look old. （ B） it would make him nervous. （ C） it was too expensive. （ D） it was old-styled. 37 Which of the following is NOT t
46、rue of Crystal Ear? （ A） It is highly sensitive. （ B） It is powerful. （ C） It is invisible. （ D） It is wireless. 38 One special feature of Crystal Ear is that （ A） you can control its volume. （ B） you neednt take it off every day. （ C） it is solar-powered. （ D） it saves power. 39 According to the pa
47、ssage, hearing loss is （ A） only a minor health problem. （ B） the worlds most common health problem. （ C） merely a teenage disease. （ D） an incurable disease. 40 Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because （ A） it is not serious. （ B） Crystal Ear is not yet available. （ C） it is not ea
48、sy to have it treated. （ D） they dont want to look old. 41 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and experti
49、se from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has faltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的 ) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes ha
