1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 2 Can you follow the plot so far? （ A） change （ B） investigate （ C） write
2、 （ D） understand 3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. （ A） physical （ B） mental （ C） natural （ D） hard 4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions. （ A） stat
3、ements （ B） beliefs （ C） suggestions （ D） claims 6 Up to now, the work has been easy. （ A） So （ B） So long （ C） So that （ D） So far 7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges. （ A） supposed （ B） excited （ C） suggested （ D） discussed 8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been emp
4、loyed. （ A） Therefore （ B） Afterwards （ C） However （ D） Furthermore 9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. （ A） view （ B） sight （ C） look （ D） point 10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 11 The union representative
5、 put across her argument very effectively. （ A） explained （ B） invented （ C） considered （ D） accepted 12 He talks tough but has a tender heart. （ A） heavy （ B） mild （ C） kind （ D） wild 13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. （ A） making （ B） taking （ C） discussing （ D） expecting
6、 14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. （ A） waste （ B） buy （ C） use （ D） sell 15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. （ A） function （ B） ability （ C） power （ D） volume 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果
7、该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Earthquake How does an earthquake start? What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earths crust (地壳 ) may have a fault, a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move
8、 up and down or lengthways (纵向地 ) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振动 ) and it is these vibrations that we feel as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers an
9、d so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece. What to do during an earthquake? At school As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the t
10、eachers desk, get underneath (在 下面 ) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions. As soon as the tremors (震动 ) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square
11、or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go. At home If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and dont
12、go out onto the balcony (阳台 ). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift - there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped
13、inside the lift for hours. In the street If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls -move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous. 16 People knew long ago how a
14、n earthquake starts. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 As soon as an earthquake occurs, students should leave the building. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Students shoul
15、d go to the school playground or an open space once the tremor stop. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 If you are at home when an earthquake occurs, stand near a big table. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The best way to leave the building during an earthquake is to get into a
16、lift. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 If you are in the street when an earthquake occurs, stay in a large open space. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题 要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳
17、选项。 23 Alaska In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears“ beyond Canada
18、s western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States. In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters region. From early
19、 May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun can not melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down. Alaska is Americas largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there according to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit
20、 for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares being cultivated. Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alas
21、ka on his voyage for Russia in 1741.The Eskimos are the states earliest known inhabitants Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed. In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the
22、 Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to .Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has it
23、s own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages. The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part ofAmerican literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progre
24、ss than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $ 80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-beating animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the states chief industry is
25、lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaskas single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals. 23 A. Rich resources of the state B. Connection with the outside world C. Transportation with the outside world
26、D. The natives of the land E. Cold climate F. Land and population 23 paragraph 3 _. 24 paragraph 4 _. 25 paragraph 5 _. 26 paragraph 6 _. 27 A. as fish does B. because of its rich natural resources C. by the United States in the 19th century D. shines day and night E. only a very small percentage F.
27、 a limited amount of the gold found there 27 For as long as three months of a year, on the ice-covered land of Alaska can _ be found day and night. 28 According to statistics,_of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming. 29 Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought by _. 30 Gold
28、 brought less wealth to Alaska than _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been
29、fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has faltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的 ) record for turning ideas into pr
30、ofit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. .But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology
31、 transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied
32、 research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家 ), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others c
33、laim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names su
34、ch as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It co
35、ntinues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Bedim Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia. 31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? （ A） Technology transfer. （ B） Good management. （ C） Hard work. （ D） Fierce compe
36、tition. 32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? （ A） It is free. （ B） It is profit-driven. （ C） It is widely available. （ D） It is curiosity-driven. 33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in _. （ A） Asia （ B） USA （ C） Europe （ D
37、） Africa 34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded? （ A） In 1940. （ B） Last year. （ C） After the unification. （ D） In 19 35 The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by _. （ A） experts （ B） scientists （ C） scholars （ D） special knowledge 36 Underground Coal Fires A Looming Catastrophe C
38、oal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surroundings vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest fires,
39、a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned. “Coal fires are a global catastrophe,“ said Associate
40、Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But surprisingly few people know about them. Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to disappear and under the right combinations of
41、sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the US economy consumes ab
42、out one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of coal ecology, once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenh
43、ouse gases; poisonous gases fumes and black particles in to the atmosphere. The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the pa
44、nel, Assistant Professor Pan1 Van Dijk of the International Institute for Goo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country. Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techni
45、ques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide theses fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Cary Colaozzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which bas developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices,) which
46、 is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply. 36 According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is that _. （ A） underground, fires loom large in the forests （ B） coal burning deep underground is found in China （ C） poisonous elements releas
47、ed by the underground fires can pollute water sources （ D） arsenic and mercury are the most poisonous elements to water sources 37 According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear? （ A） Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and bums. （ B） The underg
48、round oxygen will be used up. （ C） Poisonous fumes and greenhouse gases will be accumulated underground. （ D） There will be an increases of abandoned mines. 38 What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology? （ A） Annual consumption of coal in US. （ B）
49、 Annual consumption of coal in China. （ C） How long coal fires has lasted in the northern region of China. （ D） Coal fires can have an impact on the environment. 39 Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is Not true? （ A） He was one of the scientists who have warned against the threats of underground fires. （ B） He has detected and monitored underground fires in Netherlands. （ C） He has worked with the Chinese government on the underground fires issue. （ D
