1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） finally （ C） shortly （ D） recently 2 While we dont agree, we continue to be friends. （ A） Whoever （ B） Where （ C） Although （ D） Whatever 3 Enormo
2、us sums of money have been spent on space exploration. （ A） Much （ B） Large （ C） Small （ D） Fixed 4 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. （ A） every year （ B） severely （ C） actively （ D） every month 5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. （ A） s
3、ecrets （ B） details （ C） benefits （ D） words 6 We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams. （ A） effect （ B） account （ C） effort （ D） discount 7 There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library. （ A） small （ B） total （ C） good （ D） great 8 The chairm
4、an proposed that we should stop the meeting. （ A） showed （ B） suggested （ C） agreed （ D） believed 9 Mary has blended the ingredients. （ A） made （ B） mixed （ C） cooked （ D） eaten 10 They agreed to modify their policy. （ A） clarify （ B） define （ C） change （ D） develop 11 The dentist has decided to ext
5、ract her bad tooth. （ A） take out （ B） break off （ C） push in （ D） dig up 12 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. （ A） play （ B） show （ C） send （ D） tell 13 This table is strong and durable. （ A） long-lasting （ B） extensive （ C） far-reaching （ D） eternal 14 He endured grea
6、t pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B） resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 15 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror. （ A） smiling （ B） laughing （ C） shouting （ D） staring 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提
7、及，请选择 C。 16 The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth - literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept ac
8、ross the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物 ) are
9、released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 ) and polar (极地的 ) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth o
10、f its land. The coral (珊瑚 ) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate - they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on e
11、arth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released m
12、ainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution. 16 The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 High t
13、ides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rein. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global wa
14、rming will be. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming. （ A） R
15、ight （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The
16、Science of Sport 1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another a
17、thlete was able to run as fast. 2 Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So whats behind this never-ending improv
18、ement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds? 3 Most experts agree that it isnt the athletes bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their p
19、erformances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athletes body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also h
20、ad an important impact on human performance. 4 Scientists have shown that an athletes bodys needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example
21、, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5 But in any sport, a players success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. M
22、ost coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis playe
23、rs are encouraged to use visualization (想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice. 6 But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? Whats more, are all these advantages fair? 23 A Dif
24、ferent sports require different training programs. B Science may be too important today. C Sports equipment has been improved a lot. D Athletes are still breaking records. E Sport science helps improve athletes performances. F Mental training is as important as physical training. 23 Paragraph 2 _. 2
25、4 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 27 A to avoid psychological techniques B to break records C to better understand the athletes body and mind D to time and space E to be replacing the sporting challenge F to human performance 27 It is more difficult for todays athletes 28 We dont
26、know if there is a limit 29 Research has helped coaches 30 Scientific advances are suspected 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Clobal Cancer Rates to Rise 50% by 2020 The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2020. But a
27、new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action. The World Cancer Report, released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, part of the World Health Organization), shows that cancer has now
28、 emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as affluent ones. Overall, cancer was responsible for 12% of all heaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer. The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally
29、 in 2000, and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020. Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits. “Cancer has emerged as a major public healt
30、h problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized countries,“ says researcher Paul Kleihues, MD, director of IARA, in a news release. “Once considered a Western disease, the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the worlds cancer burden, in terms of
31、 both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries.“ The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones. However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries, where 80% of cancer patients already have l
32、ate-stage incurable tumors at the time of diagnosis. Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco, occupational carcinogens, and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle. As less-developed countries become industrialized and mor
33、e prosperous, they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West, which increase cancer rates. 31 According to a new report, healthier lifestyles and public health action could help reduce about _. （ A） 50% of new cancers （ B） 33% of new cancers （ C） 12%
34、 of new cancers （ D） 80% of new cancers 32 Which of the following statements in NOT correct? （ A） There were 10 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000. （ B） Cancer accounted for 12% of all deaths in 2000. （ C） Cancer is the cause of over 25% of all deaths in many countries. （ D） Global cancer rat
35、es are expected to rise 50% by 2020. 33 According to the passage, cancer was once considered _. （ A） an incurable disease （ B） a mysterious disease （ C） a “western“ disease （ D） a world disease 34 The risk of dying from cancer in developed countries is _. （ A） double that in developing countries （ B
36、） much higher than that in developing countries （ C） the same as that in developing countries （ D） much lower than that in developing countries 35 All the following factors may increase cancer rates EXCEPT. _. （ A） occupational carcinogens （ B） lack of access to tobacco （ C） unhealthy habits （ D） ag
37、ing populations 36 Cousteau Remembered Jacques-Ives Coustean died in Paris on 26 June, 1997 at the age of 87. His influence is great. Scientists respected his creative engineering; engineers praised his science. Coustean, who claimed to be neither scientist nor engineer, contributed significantly to
38、 both disciplines and to many more. Throughout his adventure-filled life, Coustean challenged definitions. Yes, he was a captain in the French Navy, and early on, a filmmaker and natural storyteller. Later, he became a famous ocean explorer, designer of underwater equipment, expedition leader, autho
39、r, speaker, businessman, environmentalist, teacher and leader of an influential organization (the Cousteau Society). All who care about the sea and even those who dont think much about the ocean one way or another owe Coustean a tremendous debt. The knowledge gained as a consequence of his direct co
40、ntributions, and the strong others, have transformed the way the world thinks about the sea. His stories, of encounters with sharks and other fish inspired many to go see themselves. Coustean pioneered ventures in underwater living in the 1960s: sub-sea labs where scientists submerged for days or we
41、eks the underwater labs similar to skylab or the space station. His films and television programmes won two Academy Rewards, three Emnies, and the hearts and minds of viewers worldwide for decades. Showered with honours, Cousteau remarked recently that he thought his most important accomplishment wa
42、s to make people aware of and care about the ocean. Thanks to him, we grew concerned about our growing population and the consequences of over fishing and ocean pollution that threaten the health of the sea, and we were inspired to do something to improve the way things are done. We shared the sad f
43、eeling with Cousteau when Simone, his wife and partner for many years, died and when his son Phillippe was killed in a plane crash. We shared his joy when Jean Michael, his eldest son, became an explorer and a spokesman for the sea in his own right. We were happy for Coustean when he began a new fam
44、ily with his second wife, Fracine. And now that his voice of the ocean is silenced, we feel very sad. 36 According to the passage, Cousteans influence is great because he _. （ A） was both a scientist and an engineer （ B） invented skylab （ C） made contributions to science and engineering （ D） was a c
45、aptain in the French Navy 37 From the second paragraph, we know that （ A） Cousteau did riot like any scientific definitions （ B） Cousteau wrote many adventure-filled stories （ C） Cousteaus main job was protecting environment （ D） Cousteaus contributions were not limited to science and engineering 38
46、 Of all the careers he followed, his main concern was concentrated on （ A） building the sub-water labs （ B） ocean and ocean pollution （ C） making films and television programmes （ D） writing encounters with sea animals, such as sharks 39 What debt do we owe Cousteau according to Paragraphs 3 and 4?
47、（ A） His work has made us realise we should improve the way things are done. （ B） His contributions have pushed science toward a higher stage of development. （ C） His invention of sub-sea labs has made ocean exploration easier. （ D） His adventures have made people go and see the sea. 40 Which of the
48、 following statements about Cousteaus family life is NOT true? （ A） His second wife died sometime ago. （ B） His son Phillippe was killed in a plane crash. （ C） His first wife died before Cousteau. （ D） His elder son became the spokesman for the sea. 41 Credit Card .Only Works When Spoken to A credit
49、 card that will not work unless it hears its owners voice could become an important weapon in the fight against fraud. The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-in voice-recognition chip. The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone elses credit card details to buy goods online. A prototype built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica, California, represents the first att
