1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another. （ A） work （ B） profit （ C） rely （ D） prove 2 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. （ A） denie
2、d （ B） investigated （ C） stressed （ D） created 3 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle. （ A） fatal （ B） hateful （ C） good （ D） useful 4 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune. （ A） control （ B） spend （ C） collect （ D） exchange 5 Its impolite to cut in when two pers
3、ons are holding a conversation, （ A） leave （ B） talk loudly （ C） stand up （ D） interrupt 6 I wonder what your aim in life is. （ A） symbol （ B） goal （ C） action （ D） attitude 7 I have no alternative but to report him to the local police. （ A） opinion （ B） means （ C） choice （ D） selection 8 The indeci
4、sive man was readily persuaded to change his mind again. （ A） easily （ B） hardly （ C） subtly （ D） suddenly 9 It is useless to argue with him once he has made up his mind. （ A） settled （ B） solved （ C） said （ D） decided 10 The father was unwilling to give his son the keys to his car. （ A） reluctant （
5、 B） eager （ C） pleased （ D） angry 11 We consume a lot more than we are able to produce. （ A） waste （ B） buy （ C） use （ D） sell 12 As a writer, he turned out three novels that year. （ A） refused （ B） read （ C） produced （ D） accepted 13 Winston Churchill gave a moving speech. （ A） nervous （ B） foolish
6、 （ C） stirring （ D） fast 14 We tried to restrict our conversation to arguments relevant to the topic. （ A） put （ B） suit （ C） confine （ D） resort 15 It doesnt stand to reason that he would lie, （ A） seem logical （ B） look pleasant （ C） appear obvious （ D） sound important 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分
7、 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 The Smog (烟雾 ) For over a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry a
8、ir to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous (有毒的 ). Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped und
9、er the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息 ) and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot (烟灰 ) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇 ) from high-ri
10、se city buildings to try and break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November, put out the fires and cleared the air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain. Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fume
11、s (汽车排放的废气 ) and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for the first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog. But smog is not just an Asian problem. I
12、n fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents. About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of t
13、hick smog in 1952. 16 Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The smog spread to neighbouring countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
14、19 Water was used to try to break up the smog. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Many Indonesians blamed the government for the drought. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The forest animals havent been affected by the smog. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The word “sm
15、og“ first appeared in 1952. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Ford 1 Fords great strength was the manufacturing process-not invention. Long before he started
16、a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market
17、. 2 The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转 ). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Fords
18、 Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响 ) along in 1914, the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the 5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry
19、 then was 2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic
20、 crime“, and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的 ) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher Wages
21、didnt matter-except for making it possible for more people to buy cars. 23 A Fords Followers B The Assembly Line C Fords Great Dream D The Establishment of the Company E Fords Biggest Contribution F Fords Great Talent 23 Paragraph 1 _. 24 Paragraph 2 _. 25 Paragraph 3 _. 26 Paragraph 4 _. 27 A criti
22、cized by the media B the low wage in the auto industry C own a car D produce cars in large numbers E the 8-hour-shiffpractice F combined technology and market 27 The assembly line made it possible to _. 28 Ford was the first to adopt _. 29 Higher wages enabled many people to _. 30 Fords higher-wage
23、and lower-cost strategy was strongly _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing about people - not their clothes, ideas, or languages - has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was mad
24、e from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树 ) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still
25、 exist today; The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒 )“ of 1845-1846, and thousands mer
26、e were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South
27、 American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and
28、 experienced the “wide-awake feeling that one third of the worlds population now starts the day with. 31 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （ A） Food. （ B） Clothing. （ C） Ideology. （ D） Language. 32 “Some“ in the last sentence of the first pa
29、ragraph refers to （ A） some cocoa trees. （ B） some chocolate drinks. （ C） some shops. （ D） some South American Indians. 33 Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because （ A） they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else. （ B） they were forced to lea
30、ve their homeland and move to America. （ C） the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes. （ D） the potato harvest was bad. 34 Which country is the largest coffee producer? （ A） Brazil. （ B） Colombia. （ C） Ethiopia. （ D） Egypt. 35 Which of the following statements is NOT t
31、rue, according to the passage? （ A） One third of the worlds population drinks coffee. （ B） Coffee is native to Colombia. （ C） Coffee can keep one awake. （ D） Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs. 36 Please Fasten Your Seatbelts Severe turbulence (湍流 ) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test fli
32、ghts over the Rocky Mountains, NASA (美国航空航天局 ) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it. Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去 ) passengers about the cabi
33、n. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds. However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策 ) for this
34、 sort of thing,“ says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The centres new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar. Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique dep
35、ends on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the planes airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩 ) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change i
36、n speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度 ) of the turbulence. In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉 ) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecasts
37、 of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered. Bogue says that he had “a comfortable amount of time“ to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidars range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial
38、 aircraft in the next few years. 36 What does “clear-air turbulence“ probably mean? (Paragraph 1) （ A） A not very rough storm. （ B） Unexpected disturbed air. （ C） A kind of visible storm. （ D） A storm over mountain ridges. 37 In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air, （ A）
39、causing a let of damage to the plane. （ B） throwing its passengers out of the cabin. （ C） resulting in heavy casualties. （ D） forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing. 38 The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuring （ A） the speed of the plane. （ B） the speed, o
40、f the light. （ C） the number of particles in the air. （ D） the changes of the particles speed. 39 We can infer from the fifth paragraph that （ A） the lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence. （ B） researchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector, （ C） passenger plane
41、s will be used in further experiments. （ D） no more test flights are needed. 40 The last paragraph tells us, among other things, that （ A） the lidar detector needs improvement. （ B） many airlines are interested in the system. （ C） passengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts. （ D） the lidar det
42、ector can be used in a wide range of areas. 41 “Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, f
43、rom Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to esta
44、blish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is ca
45、used by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林 ) that create swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation ofte
46、n causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发 ) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowe
47、rs and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be c
48、onsidered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer c
49、ountries of the world. 41 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? （ A） They are students at Sussex University. （ B） They are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 42 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution. （ B） to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. （ C） to breed rice plants that taste salty. （ D） to f
