1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 2 He is but a child. （ A） probably （ B） not （ C） only （ D） hardly 3 The price of vegetables varie
2、s according to the weather. （ A） jumps （ B） rises （ C） falls （ D） changes 4 Did you do that to irritate her? （ A） tease （ B） attract （ C） annoy （ D） protect 5 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. （ A） offered （ B） rented （ C） provided （ D） sold 6 A ship was reported to be in distress a fe
3、w miles out at sea. （ A） disorder （ B） formation （ C） service （ D） danger 7 You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully. （ A） invent （ B） begin （ C） develop （ D） initiate 8 Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence. （ A） Split （ B） Combine （ C） Break （ D） Divide 9 His han
4、dwriting is flowing and graceful. （ A） pleasing （ B） formal （ C） informal （ D） flowery 10 The sisters cant tolerate each other. （ A） bear （ B） hate （ C） like （ D） criticize 11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. （ A） pull out （ B） repair （ C） take （ D） dig 12 The childs abnormal behavi
5、or puzzled the doctor. （ A） funny （ B） frightening （ C） repeated （ D） unusual 13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. （ A） in （ B） around （ C） from （ D） before 14 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and
6、 modified. （ A） sufficiently （ B） noticeably （ C） intentionally （ D） absolutely 15 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank. （ A） altered （ B） changed （ C） bought （ D） sold 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择
7、B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Computers Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range
8、 of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare
9、standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes. The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, bi
10、lling, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations. Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will
11、 be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understa
12、nd how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve. One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information abo
13、ut computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates. 16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It is unnecessary for
14、a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work. （ A） Right （ B） Wron
15、g （ C） Not mentioned 20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science gradua
16、tes because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Cloning (克隆 ): Future Perfect? 1 A clone is an exact
17、copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊 ) using cloning technology
18、. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when. Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world. 2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media
19、 attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US Will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year.“ 3 Ma
20、ny researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of atte
21、mpts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸 ) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons
22、. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child t
23、o look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人 ). 22 A Strong reactions B Anxiety about the future of cloning C The right to choose D What is cloning? E Arguments in favor of cloning F A common sight 22 Paragraph 1 _
24、. 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 A the nucleus of a cell B cloned human beings C a human being in two years D a law to ban human cloning E a report on human cloning F heavy media coverage 26 Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone _. 27 Richard Seeds announcement received
25、_. 28 The United States will introduce _. 29 Within ten years scientists will probably have _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die
26、of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday. In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease. This could be because of unequal (不平等的 ) access to medical care,
27、 because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学 ) of the cancer itself, the report added. “In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diag
28、nosis,“ the report said. “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.“ The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to
29、get check-ups (体格检查 ) earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role. “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,“ the orga
30、nization said in a statement. But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates. “Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率 ),“ said the report. 30 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than （ A
31、） people in other countries. （ B） white Americans. （ C） all other Americans. （ D） their ancestors. 31 Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? （ A） Unequal access to medical care. （ B） Greater probability of having other diseases. （ C） Differences in the biology of th
32、e cancer. （ D） Early diagnosis. 32 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected （ A） in an early stage. （ B） in a late stage. （ C） all of a sudden. （ D） together with other diseases. 33 Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with （ A） death rates. （ B） various cancers. （ C） unfair soc
33、ial differences. （ D） biological differences. 34 Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans （ A） have been going up and down. （ B） have remained stable. （ C） have increased. （ D） have fallen. 35 Crystal Ear One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid. “He certainly does,“
34、 replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if Id ever thought about getting a hearing aid. “No way,“ I said. “It would make me look 20 years older.“ “No, no,“ she replied. “This is entirely different. Its Crystal Ear!“ Jill was right. Crystal
35、 Ear is different-not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid, but an advanced personal sound system so small that its like contacts (隐形眼镜 ) for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years. Crystal Ear will make spe
36、ech louder, and the sound is pure and natural. I couldnt believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and its almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and its ready-to-wear mold (形状 ) fits comfortably. Since its not too lo
37、ud or too tight, you may even forget that youre wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations, use Crystal Ear only when you need it. Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing
38、 loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to
39、 Crystal Ear, the “sound solution“ is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off (下降 ), can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal
40、 Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier (放大器 ). 35 Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because （ A） it would make him look old, （ B） it would make him nervous. （ C） it was too expensive. （ D） it was old-styled. 36 Which of
41、 the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear? （ A） It is highly sensitive. （ B） It is powerful. （ C） It is invisible. （ D） It is wireless. 37 One special feature of Crystal Ear is that （ A） you can control its volume. （ B） you neednt take it off every day. （ C） it is solar-powered. （ D） it saves power.
42、 38 According to the passage, hearing loss is （ A） only a minor health problem. （ B） the worlds most common health problem. （ C） merely a teenage disease. （ D） an incurable disease. 39 Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because （ A） it is not serious. （ B） Crystal Ear is not yet avail
43、able. （ C） it is not easy to have it treated. （ D） they dont want to look old. 40 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream o
44、f new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has faltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的 ) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for
45、 that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology par
46、ks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal progremmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglec
47、ting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家 ), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the prog
48、rammes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Pla
49、nck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia. 40 What factor can
