1、职称英语（理工类） C级模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） finally （ C） shortly （ D） recently 2 While we dont agree, we continue to be friends. （ A） Whoever （ B） Where （ C） Although （ D） Whatever 3 Enorm
2、ous sums of money have been spent on, space exploration. （ A） Much （ B） Large （ C） Small （ D） Fixed 4 About one million Americans are diagnosed nnually with skin cancer. （ A） every year （ B） severely （ C） actively （ D） every month 5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. （ A）
3、secrets （ B） details （ C） benefits （ D） words 6 We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams. （ A） effect （ B） account （ C） effort （ D） discount 7 There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library. （ A） small （ B） total （ C） good （ D） great 8 The chair
4、man proposed that we should stop the meeting. （ A） showed （ B） suggested （ C） agreed （ D） believed 9 Mary has blended the ingredients. （ A） made （ B） mixed （ C） cooked （ D） eaten 10 They agreed to modify their policy. （ A） clarify （ B） define （ C） change （ D） develop 11 The dentist has decided to ex
5、tract her bad tooth. （ A） take out （ B） break off （ C） push in （ D） dig up 12 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. （ A） play （ B） show （ C） send （ D） tell 13 This table is strong and durable. （ A） long-lasting （ B） extensive （ C） far-reaching （ D） eternal 14 He endured gre
6、at pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B） resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 15 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror. （ A） smiling （ B） laughing （ C） shouting （ D） staring 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有
7、提及，请选择 C。 15 Sonic Device The other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障碍物 ) in his path seemed to call out their names to him, “library here,
8、 library here“, “bench here, bench here“. Dr. Smith was testing a prototype(样机 ) navigation system for the blind that announced the surrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack (背包 ), creating virtual reality landscape(仿真景象 ). The information came no
9、t from some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the militarys network of global positioning satellites(全球定位卫星 ). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized (小型化 )versions of this navigation device, which now weighs 28 pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods. “With
10、 this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going, “ said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could wa
11、lk down the street and know not just that he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen(熟食店 ) was up ahead. This navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically. “ It lets blind users construct a mental
12、map of new surroundings and learn their way around. The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic display(仿真声音显示 )“ This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be
13、 the case if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that information for guidance. While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing. Those who have tried the
14、 system say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sensory psychophysics(感官心理物理学 )-how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate, “ Dr. Oberdor
15、said. 16 With the help of this sonic device, obstacles in the way will speak out their name. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Dr. Smith hopes to make this device lighter so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Though this device will
16、 be helpful, it is too expensive for most of the blind to buy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can only lead you to the Broadway and to buy food at Zabars shop. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The blind have better sense of hearing than o
17、rdinary people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Scientists aim to reduce the weight of this device to five pounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The sensory psychophysics plays an important role in developing this device. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句
18、子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Keeping Cut Flowers 1. While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind
19、a few simple facts. 2. An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨 ) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 than when kept at 26 . Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right
20、 temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3. Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉 ). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers cons
21、ume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳 ), called respiration(呼吸 ), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respir
22、ation is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4. Then how to control the rate at which flowers die? By controllin
23、g respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse(相反的过程 ) is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5. Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers
24、 is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink“ water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances,
25、 household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂 ) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day. A. Control of Respiration B. Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C. Role of Respi
26、ration D. Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E. Need for Clean Water F. Ways of Stopping Respiration 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A. by keeping its original shape and color B. in the life of the cut flower C. to produce carbon dioxide D. for as long as possibl
27、e E. by controlling temperature F. to replace the water and solution every day 27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_. 28 Respiration plays a key role_. 29 The ageing of cut flowers can be slowed down_. 30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题
28、，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people
29、around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the res
30、t of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who failed to follow the others were left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they couldnt survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another
31、children, in contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules that require people to retire at a certain age. Unless the
32、se people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security cheeks that are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have w
33、ealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare“ if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for a
34、t home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals (康复医院 )have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, al
35、though some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel. 31 The writer believes that the population explosio
36、n results from_. （ A） an increase in birthrates （ B） the industrial development （ C） a decrease in death rates （ D） cultural advances 32 It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures_. （ A） it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive （ B） infants could be
37、 left dead in times of starvation （ C） parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children （ D） death was considered to be freedom from hardships 33 According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people is ture? （ A） Many of them have a very hard life.
38、 （ B） They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings. （ C） They rely mainly on their children for financial support. （ D） Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after. 34 In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to_. （ A） the need to prolong the lives of
39、 old people （ B） the need to enrich the life of the retired people （ C） the need to build profit-making nursing homes （ D） the need to take care of sick and weak people 35 Which of the following best describes the writers attitude towards most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals? （ A） Sy
40、mpathetic. （ B） Unfriendly. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Critical. 35 Oceanography Oceanography has been defined as “the application of all sciences to the study of the sea. “ Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspect
41、s of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to farther his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental (大陆间的 ) travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask
42、what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question-“ what is at the bottom of the oceans?“ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状 )of the route to es
43、timate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the LIS Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测水深 ) were taken to investigate the dep
44、ths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much. popular interest in his book “The Physical Geography of the Sea“. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was tak
45、en out for repairing it was found to be covered with living creatures, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872, Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察 ), which lasted for four y
46、ears and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 36 We can infer from the passage that the telegraph cable was built mainly for_. （ A） oceanographic studi
47、es （ B） military purposes （ C） business considerations （ D） investigating the depths of the oceans 37 The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was_. （ A） to make some sound experiments in the oceans （ B） to collect samples of sea plants and animals （ C） to estimate the length of cable that w
48、as to be made （ D） to measure the depths of two oceans 38 It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. （ A） the American Navy （ B） some early intercontinental travelers （ C） those who earned a living from the sea （ D） the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 39 “defied“ in
49、 the paragraph 5 probably means_. （ A） doubted （ B） challenged （ C） gave proof to （ D） agreed to 40 This passage is mainly about_. （ A） the beginnings of oceanography （ B） the laying of the first undersea cable （ C） the investigation of ocean depths （ D） the early intercontinental communications 40 Live with Computer After too long on the net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudlian (利物浦的 ) accent suddenly beco
