1、职称英语（理工类） C级模拟试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Lead is potentially damaging to children s health. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 2 Their interpretation was faulty. （ A） ambiguous （ B） wrong （ C） unclear （ D） unbelieva
2、ble 3 The latest census is encouraging. （ A） count （ B） statement （ C） agreement （ D） estimate 4 Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions. （ A） confused （ B） excited （ C） scared （ D） satisfied 5 The telephone system is no longer operative. （ A） running （ B） moving （ C） rotating （ D） working 6 He
3、 rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee. （ A） spread （ B） open （ C） show （ D） examine 7 He was banned from driving for six months. （ A） listed （ B） forbidden （ C） handled （ D） investigated 8 This valve regulates the flow of water. （ A） fight （ B） abolish （ C） remove （ D） control 9 The
4、 workers finally called off the strike. （ A） put off （ B） ended （ C） cancelled （ D） participate in 10 They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means. （ A） solve （ B） determine （ C） unite （ D） complete 11 Of the reptile groups, the snake group was the final one to appear. （ A） last （ B） best （ C
5、） ugliest （ D） longest 12 I am heartily grateful to your help. （ A） helpful （ B） hateful （ C） delightful （ D） thankful 13 Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgement （ C） decision （ D） event 14 He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. （ A） la
6、rge （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） realistic 15 Have you talked to her lately ? （ A） lastly （ B） shortly （ C） recently （ D） immediately 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do
7、 people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“(科学家 )still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the
8、 physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard. While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality
9、is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31. The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses si
10、tting by blackboards full of equations(等式 )or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响 )test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply dont rel
11、ate to the media s image of the mad scientist. This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must
12、also develop children s interest in science. In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions, of which the most popular are the N
13、ational Science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part in but they only involve a small proportion of students
14、 who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design. 16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The majority of phy
15、sicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future. （
16、A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The International Science Olympiads are h
17、eld once every two years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Traffic Jams No End in Sight 1 Traffic congestion(拥堵 )affects people throughout the world. Traffic
18、 jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S. , commuters(通勤人员 )spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most
19、 people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy. 2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high en
20、ough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing. 3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, whic
21、h lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether. 4 Some urban pla
22、nners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them. 5 Other, more forward-thinking, planners
23、know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helpi
24、ng to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $ 50 billion being spent on roads and bridges. A. Paying to Get in B. A Solution Which Is No Solution C. Changing Work Pra
25、ctice D. Closing City Centers to Traffic E. Not Doing Enough F. A Global Problem 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 26 A. reduce traffic jams B. spend more money C. drive around D. travel regularly E. go by bus F. encourage more private cars 27 Most American drivers think it
26、 convenient to_. 28 If charged high enough, some drivers may_to enter certain parts of town. 29 Building more roads is not an effective way to_. 30 The U.S. government has planned to_updating public-transport systems. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sauna Cerem
27、onial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well
28、as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges(发汗帐篷 ). The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney mak
29、ing was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna“ , is the only true sauna experience
30、and that all saunas should have at least a background odor(气味 )or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain
31、and inflammation(炎 症 ). Asthma(哮喘 )patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body s core temperature usually rises 1-2 degrees while in the saun
32、a, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever“. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs
33、. Adults sweat about 2 lbs(磅 )of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores(毛孔 )and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular(心血管的 )syst
34、em gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100 -150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna
35、should seek a doctors advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustom
36、ed to this type of bath. 31 Ceremonial bathing_. （ A） is called the sauna by Finns （ B） is equivalent to the steam bath （ C） has various forms （ D） is held in an enclosed room 32 What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience? （ A） Saunas in underground caves. （ B） Saunas with smo
37、ke. （ C） Saunas using wood burning stoves. （ D） Saunas using electric stoves. 33 According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） reducing the chance of getting cold （ B） speeding recovery （ C） relieving stress （ D） curing asthma 34 According to the fourth paragraph
38、, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_. （ A） pores are cleaned by sweat （ B） water is lost by sweating （ C） blood moves to the surface for heat exchange （ D） the heart pumps harder and faster 35 Who are advised not to take a sauna? （ A） Elderly people. （ B） Pregnant women. （ C） People with h
39、eart trouble. （ D） All of the above. 35 Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of “weight“ as being a f
40、ixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4, 000 miles ou
41、t into space? The reason is this; all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects; this is called gravitational attraction. But this power of attraction between two objects gets weaker as they get farther apart. When the butter was at the surface of the earth, it was 4, 000 miles from th
42、e center. When we took the butter 4, 000 miles out, it was 8, 000 miles from the center, which is twice the distance. If you double the distance between two objects, their gravitational attraction decreases two times two. If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so
43、 on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon? At the distance the pull of the earth is about 4, 000 times smaller th
44、an it is here on the surface, so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon, but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much small
45、er than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun. 36 How much would four
46、 pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4 , 000 miles out from the surface of the earth? （ A） 1 pound. （ B） 2 pounds. （ C） 3 pounds. （ D） 4 pounds. 37 We find it hard to break free from ideas connected with living on the earth because_. （ A） it demands too great an effort for us to do so （ B） we are to
47、o familiar with the way things are to question the ideas （ C） we have proved that those ideas are correct （ D） we are so sure of ourselves that we never doubt anything on the earth 38 According to the passage, “weight“ should be understood in the sense that _ （ A） it is fixed if it is outside the ea
48、rth s gravitational pull （ B） it decreases four times when it is 4, 000 miles from the earth s center （ C） it varies with the change of the gravitational attraction between two objects （ D） things increase in amount as they are closer to the earth s surface 39 We do not feel the gravitational pull o
49、f a packet of butter because_ （ A） it is too small to have a gravitational pull of its own （ B） its pull is so small that we tend to ignore it （ C） its pull disappears in the presence of the earth s gravitation （ D） it tends to melt and loses its gravitational pull 40 The main idea of this passage is_. （ A） different weight systems in different places （ B） freedom from traditional ideas （ C） traveling from the earth to the moon （ D） the effect of gravitation on weight 40
