1、职称英语（理工类） C级模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Jack was dismissed. （ A） fired （ B） fined （ C） exhausted （ D） criticized 2 His claims seem credible to many people. （ A） workable （ B） convincing （ C） practical （ D） eligible 3 Im afraid that
2、your daughter has failed to get through her mid-term exams. （ A） pass off （ B） pass away （ C） pass （ D） pass out 4 She is a highly successful teacher. （ A） fairly （ B） rather （ C） very （ D） moderately 5 Relief workers were shocked by what they saw. （ A） moved （ B） touched （ C） surprised （ D） worried
3、 6 Mary has made up her mind not to go to the meeting. （ A） tried （ B） promised （ C） decided （ D） attempted 7 Her behaviour is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） extraordinary （ D） rare 8 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worrie
4、d （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 9 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 10 It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull. （ A） frightens （ B） scares （ C） arouses （ D） confuses
5、11 I catch cold now and then. （ A） always （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 12 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A） a steady （ B） a plentiful （ C） an extra （ D） a stable 13 What were the effects of the decision she had made? （ A） reasons （ B） results （ C） c
6、auses （ D） bases 14 She was close to success. （ A） fast （ B） quick （ C） near （ D） tight 15 I am not certain whether he will come. （ A） determined （ B） sure （ C） sorry （ D） glad 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。
7、15 The Need to Remember Some people say they have no memory at all: “I just cant remember a thing!“ But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past. In fact we have different types of memory. For ex
8、ample, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exacdy what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture. Our verbal(言语的 )memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or
9、 written: Items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe. With our emotional(情感的 )memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical
10、movements. We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term mem
11、ory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance(记忆 )of when they were very young. Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a st
12、ory. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past, or maybe victims needing sympathy(同情 ). 16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Visual memory
13、 may be used when we read a story. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Animals do not ha
14、ve a long-term memory. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Generally we remember only a few facts about the past. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分
15、) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Geology and Health 1 The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for
16、a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. 2 The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into so
17、il, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the che
18、mistry and health of plants, animals and people. 3 So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-
19、rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.
20、4 Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and a
21、re also known to cause poisoning. 5 In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality c
22、riteria. 6 There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geolog
23、ists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution. A No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soil B Potential hazards of human contaminated soils C Resea
24、rch on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chain D Geology and health problems E Rocks-the ultimate source of soil pollution F Long-term health effects on children 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 26 A industrially polluted soils B rock and soil chemistry
25、C naturally polluted soils D the pathways of metals into the food chain E the element of iodine F the persistence of heavy metals 27 Some diseases is connected with deficiency of_. 28 It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on_. 29 Geologists are indispensable in th
26、e research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on_. 30 Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Losing Weight Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of develo
27、ping unhealthy attitudes a-bout weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday. Their study of 2, 279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender
28、 age of 10, nearly 32 percent of girls felt“too fat“and 31 percent said they were trying to diet. McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting thei
29、r findings in Tuesdays issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7. 2 percent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is seve
30、ral times higher than that figure. Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting. Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10. 5 percent of survey participants were already
31、 at risk of developing an eating disorder. “Were not talking about kids whove been prescribed a diet because theyre above average weight or overweight. Were talking about children who are within a healthy weight range. And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight, “ McVey said, ackn
32、owledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions. 31 The study showed that most of the girls_. （ A） were overweight （ B） were on a diet （ C） had unhealthy attitude
33、s about weight （ D） had a healthy body weight 32 What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight? （ A） Nearly 80 percent. （ B） 7.2 percent. （ C） Nearly 30 percent. （ D） 10.5 percent. 33 The survey participants were girls_. （ A） who were 10 （ B） who were 14 （ C） who were 10 to 44 （ D） w
34、ho were 10 to 18 34 What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with? （ A） A school. （ B） A hospital. （ C） An association. （ D） A charity. 35 Unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food may_. （ A） lead to an eating disorder （ B） result from self-induced vomiting （ C） make it eas
35、ier to gain weight （ D） bring about greater competition 35 About eight million school-age children are home alone after school. These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. Many older children take care of
36、 themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home, and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors. Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths. One study of Chicago neig
37、hborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less violence even in poor neighborhoods. After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time. In addition to helping youths make use of after-school h
38、ours, after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relationships with adults. Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time, are very important for healthy development in youth. After-school programs can also
39、 be used for teens who hang out at friends houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home. The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities, including“ drop-in “programs that are provided by organizations. Despite the benefits of after-school progra
40、ms, there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive, of poor quality, or hard to join. Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care. Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for chi
41、ldren and youths who are beyond the traditional child care years. However, research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm. 36 Which of the following is a benefit of after-school programs? （ A） They help to avoid crime and v
42、iolence during that time. （ B） They help youths do things on their own during after-school hours. （ C） They help teens develop caring relationships with classmates. （ D） They help to reduce risky behaviors among youths. 37 Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs? （ A） The programs ar
43、e just like child care programs. （ B） The programs offer no freedom to their children. （ C） The programs bring little benefit to parents and children. （ D） The programs can be expensive or poor in quality. 38 What can we infer from the passage? （ A） Teenagers tend to stay at their friends houses for
44、 a long time. （ B） Relationships with adults may cause unhealthy development in youths. （ C） The after-school programs can be used for many different kids. （ D） Teenagers do not like the after-school programs. 39 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） The grades of those c
45、hildren who are home alone after school are more likely to suffer. （ B） Parents want to give their children as much as possible freedom. （ C） The after-school programs help the students to make use of the time after school. （ D） The after-school programs are effective in protecting middle school and
46、 high school youths from risk and harm. 40 Which of the following is the best title for this passage? （ A） Youth Crimes （ B） After-school Programs （ C） Problem Children （ D） Extracurricular Activities 40 Late-Night Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick“ pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the
47、day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. “Its t
48、he neurohormone that controls our sleep tells our body when to sleep and when to wake, “ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caf-feinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep ho
49、rmone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off twice as long as usual and jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment
