1、职称英语（综合类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard materials. （ A） trim （ B） melt （ C） drill （ D） slice 2 The cost of elections in the United States is borne by both the government and
2、the private sector. （ A） known （ B） fought （ C） exposed （ D） assumed 3 Acknowledged as the main cause of hay fever the pollen of ragweed is very bothersome. （ A） intriguing （ B） annoying （ C） potent （ D） significant 4 They got in quite a brawl. （ A） snit （ B） fight （ C） bally （ D） littering 5 By pro
3、viding legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights. （ A） branches （ B） exercises （ C） perusals （ D） violations 6 The first step in planning a marketing strategy for a new product is to analyze the breakdown of sales figures
4、 for competitive products. （ A） decrease in （ B） reordering of （ C） itemization of （ D） collapse in 7 The bricklayeris working on the house today. （ A） carpenter （ B） plumber （ C） electrician （ D） mason 8 Brilliantly colored flowers attract insects. （ A） Delicately （ B） Sensibly （ C） Harmoniously （
5、D） Brightly 9 On the brink of matrimony, he fled to a desert island. （ A） ship （ B） proposal （ C） edge （ D） evasion 10 Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation. （ A） fancifully （ B） liberally （ C） quain
6、tly （ D） dryly 11 Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery. （ A） slogans （ B） short poems （ C） sentiments （ D） short pamphlets 12 Its evident that her handling of them has bruised the peaches. （ A） promulgated （ B） infatuated
7、 （ C） damaged （ D） infuriated 13 Messalinas name has become a byword for notorious behavior. （ A） an epithet （ B） an abstraction （ C） an indication （ D） an oration 14 The caliber of F. Scott Fitzgeralds writing was reassessed by literary critics in the 1950s. （ A） idealism （ B） creativity （ C） quali
8、ty （ D） imagery 15 People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away. （ A） considerately （ B） hungrily （ C） alertly （ D） quietly 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Mother Nature Shows
9、Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风 ) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的 ) cloud was behind him. “I stopped
10、 the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trum
11、bull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色 )
12、. Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. “ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage fro
13、m the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had
14、to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in
15、their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走 ). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. “ 16 The weather
16、 was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a firefighter. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Power supply
17、 system was not damaged during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
18、 22 Several people were missing during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were destructive in ancient history. Not
19、because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large number of animals, but all the
20、mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the “killing efficiency“ for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life t
21、hey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic roc
22、k in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to r
23、ecover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all,“ Wignall
24、 says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were b
25、etter adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amo
26、unt of CO2absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how
27、long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dio
28、xide emissions. 23 A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic C Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D A Mass Extinction E Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction F Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions 23 Para
29、graph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 27 A than more recent ones B the killing efficiency for older eruptions C has remained controversial D Wignalls calculations as acceptable E has been known to us all F his ideas 27 Older eruptions were more devastating_ 28 The Permian extincti
30、on is used to illustrate_ 29 The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs_ 30 Courtillor rejects_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短 文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Pure or Theoretical Knowledge For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing
31、 with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this
32、is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand that is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world
33、 was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pur
34、sue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result w
35、hose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be usefu
36、l, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcel
37、y conceive of contemporary life, Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 31 The most i
38、mportant advances made by mankind come from _. （ A） apparently useless information （ B） the natural sciences （ C） philosophy （ D） technical applications 32 The author does not include among the science the study of _. （ A） Astronomy （ B） Literature （ C） Chemistry （ D） Economics 33 In the paragraph t
39、hat follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _. （ A） unforeseen discoveries （ B） philosophy （ C） the value of pure research （ D） the value of technical research 34 The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section _. （ A） were unaware of the value of their studies （ B）
40、 were mathematicians （ C） resigned （ D） were interested in navigation 35 The practical scientist_. （ A） is a philosopher （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows the value of what he will discover （ D） knows that the world exists 35 Employment Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling
41、 general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work
42、. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work? Th
43、e industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact,
44、it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and t
45、hus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until eventually, many peop
46、les work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to chan
47、ge. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. 36 What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls? _. （ A） New jobs must b
48、e created in order to rectify high unemployment figures. （ B） Available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population. （ C） The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life. （ D） Jobs available must be distributed among more people. 37 The passage suggests that we s
49、hould now re-examine our thinking about work and_. （ A） be prepared to fill in time by taking up housework （ B） set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ others （ C） create more factories in order to increase our productivity （ D） be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work 38 The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that_. （
