1、职称英语（综合类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960. （ A） published （ B） challenged （ C） acclaimed （ D） guided 2 He was one of the principal organizers of the association. （ A） planners
2、 （ B） employees （ C） actors （ D） recipients 3 It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. （ A） challenged （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 4 This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur. （ A） drying up
3、 （ B） dying out （ C） being exported （ D） being transplanted 5 The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. （ A） slow （ B） noisy （ C） sudden （ D） jumpy 6 During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. were allocated by the federal government. （ A） nationalized
4、（ B） commandeered （ C） taxed （ D） distributed 7 The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. （ A） very strong （ B） very long （ C） very great （ D） very fast 8 The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are consider
5、ed by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte. （ A） elegantly （ B） genuinely （ C） intentionally （ D） thoroughly 9 The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. （ A） encouraged （ B） enforced （ C） expected （ D） entitled 10 Formulated i
6、n 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. （ A） stated firmly （ B） argued light-mindedly （ C） thought seriously （ D） announced regrettably 11 Smoking is not permitted in the office. （ A） probable （ B） possible （ C） admitted （ D） allowed 12 Th
7、e chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. （ A） stated （ B） declared （ C） suggested （ D） announced 13 I feel regret about whats happened. （ A） sorry （ B） disappointed （ C） shameful （ D） disheartened 14 She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. （ A） lived on （ B） depended on （ C
8、） lived off （ D） believed in 15 John removed his overcoat. （ A） took away （ B） left aside （ C） took off （ D） washed off 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well How does it
9、happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed menta
10、l powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behaviour of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother
11、tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, fight intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expre
12、ssions which come to him in a flesh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation. Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The chi
13、ld has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in
14、January, And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally, though a childs “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always
15、close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy. 16 Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign languag
16、e. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Full exposure to the language spoken during the first years of life partly ensures the childs success of
17、learning his mother tongue. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language
18、. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 So far as language teaching is concerned, the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分
19、，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Architecture 1 Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not onl
20、y as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. 2 The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture,
21、the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. 3 Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected
22、to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. 4 The complexity of modem life calls for a variety of buildings, More people live in mass housing and go, to work in
23、 large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers. 5 By the
24、middle of the 20th century, modem architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modem architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator techno
25、logy, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. 23 A Building Materials B Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modem Life C Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D Evolution in Style E Factors Affecting Modem Architecture F A Social Art 23 Paragraph 2 _ . 24 Paragraph 3
26、 _ . 25 Paragraph 4 _ . 26 Paragraph 5 _ . 27 A Building Materials B Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modem Life C Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D Evolution in Style E Factors Affecting Modem Architecture F A Social Art 27 Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only use
27、ful _ . 28 Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential _ . 29 As modem life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings _ . 30 The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technol
28、ogy as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role _ . 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 The Barbie Dolls In the mid 1940s, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 th
29、at Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created. This company would be named MATTEL, MATT for Mattson, and EL for Elliot. In the mid 1950s, while Visiting Switzerland, Ruth Handler pur
30、chased a German Lilli doll. Lilli was a shapely, pretty fashion doll first made in 1955. She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build. Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians a
31、nd engineers at Mattel, Barbie was born. Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson, a fashion designer, to create Barbies wardrobe. It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained. This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time. She would be long limbed, shapely, beautiful, and only 11.5 inches
32、tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie. In 1959, the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers. Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with curren
33、t trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market. Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls. 31 When Ruth and Elliot Handler were young, they h
34、ad a strong desire （ A） to go to school, （ B） to take photos. （ C） to make frames. （ D） to be highly successful. 32 Who owned MATTEL? （ A） Mattson. （ B） Elliot. （ C） Harold Mattson and Elliot Handler. （ D） Harold Mattson, Ruth and Elliot Handler. 33 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that
35、Lilli was fashioned after （ A） Build. （ B） a German doll. （ C） a pretty girl. （ D） a shapely woman. 34 Where did Ruth Handlers inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from? （ A） Barbie. （ B） Lilli. （ C） Charlotte Johnson. （ D） A fashion designer. 35 Which of the following statements is NO
36、T true of the Barbie doll? （ A） She does not attract young men. （ B） She has undergone many changes over the years. （ C） She is 11.5 inches tall. （ D） She has managed to keep up with fashion. 36 Sleep We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 - 8 hours sleep alternating
37、with some 16 - 17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change fro
38、m working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the
39、day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 am to 4 pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he ha
40、s to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert t
41、o their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may pe
42、rsist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal oc
43、currence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work. 36 The question raised in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one“ （ A） because Bonjers findings are different from Browns. （ B） because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. （ C） because some people can change their sleepin
44、g habits easily. （ D） because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits. 37 According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that （ A） people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts. （ B） your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routin
45、es and back. （ C） not all industries work at the same hours. （ D） it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers. 38 According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be （ A） not to change shifts from one week to the next. （ B） to make periods on each shift longer. （ C） to e
46、mploy people who will always work at night. （ D） to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly. 39 In the second paragraph, “the third“ means （ A） the third week. （ B） the third shift. （ C） a third of the time. （ D） the third routine. 40 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, “another“ m
47、eans （ A） another routine. （ B） another shift. （ C） another week. （ D） another person. 41 Orbital Space Plane While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and re
48、spond quickly to space station emergencies. The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for the orbital space plane, which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station. Although it includes few specifics, the
49、 plan stipulates the orbiter will be safer, cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle. It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012 - though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010. NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to “definitive medical care“ within 24 hours. The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration, even as questions linger concerning the loss of Columbia and its se
