1、职称英语（综合类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. （ A） unforgettable （ B） unbelievable （ C） unfair （ D） unthinkable 2 The curious look from the strangers around her made her
2、 feel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worried （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 3 It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. （ A） pulled down （ B） rebuilt （ C） renovated （ D） whitewashed 4 The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. （ A） delayed
3、 （ B） quick （ C） positive （ D） unfavorable 5 He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. （ A） long and detailed （ B） short and clear （ C） comprehensive （ D） professional 6 The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. （ A） efficient （ B） respectable （ C） well-inf
4、ormed （ D） respectful 7 The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. （ A） simply useless （ B） really practical （ C） very little （ D） extremely useful 8 The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. （ A） reasonable （ B） sensible （ C） crazy （ D） unbelievable 9 In his two
5、-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. （ A） extremely thorough （ B） long and boring （ C） superficial （ D） unconvincing 10 We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. （ A） effective （ B） clever （ C） implausible （ D） original 11 Reading the job ad, he wonder
6、ed whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 12 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career. （ A） hot-tempered （ B） healthy （ C） friendly （ D） patient 13 Not all member states abided by the principle they ha
7、d agreed on previously. （ A） adhered to （ B） abandoned （ C） applied （ D） adopted 14 Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. （ A） immediately （ B） correctly （ C） fairly （ D） carefully 15 The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. （ A） resumed （ B） put an end to
8、 （ C） suspended （ D） re-scheduled 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选 择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 The First Settlement in North America It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher C
9、olumbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally, from Genoa but a citi
10、zen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic whi
11、ch enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south. The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbu
12、ss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587.
13、A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590. The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give
14、 the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people. 16 We know
15、 for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coas
16、t in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The first attempt made by European people t
17、o settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the bo
18、ss of one of the two Virginia companies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Earthquake 1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths an
19、d a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of
20、this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the
21、 Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. 3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists belie
22、ve may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift. 4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instru
23、ments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. 5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. Thes
24、e include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen. 23 A Earthquakes Forecast B Historical Records of Earthquakes C Intensities of Earthquakes D Cause of Ear
25、thquakes E Indications of Earthquakes F Damaging Earthquakes 23 Paragraph 2 _ . 24 Paragraph 3 _ . 25 Paragraph 4 _ . 26 Paragraph 5 _ . 27 A by the quake itself B not be prevented C to cause damage of property and loss of lives D of a possible earthquake E the unusual behaviors of some animals F th
26、e strong behaviors of human beings 27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused _ . 28 Not all earthquakes are strong enough _ . 29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people _ . 30 Earthquakes can be predicted by observing _ . 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个
27、最佳选项。 31 Taxi Riding In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question after watching the “Taxicab Confessions,“ a series of documentaries in which hidden cameras record the secrets of unsuspecting taxi riders. I found the result
28、s varied. One morning I got into three different taxis and announced: “Well, its my first day back in New York in seven years. Ive been in prison.“ Not a single driver replied, so I tried again. “Yeah, I shot a man in Reno,“ I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, so I could say casually, “
29、Just to watch him die.“ But nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver:“ Reno? That is in Nevada?“ Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said Id just been fired. “This is America,“ a Haitian driver said. “One door is closed. Another is open.“ He argued against my plan to bu
30、m down my bosss house: “If you do something silly and they put you away, you cannot look for another job.“ A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope: he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge, a $20 trip. “Why you want to go there? Go home
31、and relax. Dont worry. Take a new job.“ One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word “BANK“ on it, I tried hailing a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with Guy-Caaude Thevenain, a Haitian
32、driver, was typical of the superb assistance I received. “Is anyone following us?“ “No,“ said the driver, looking in his rearview mirror at traffic and me. “Lets go across the park,“ I said. “I just robbed the bank there, I got $25,000.“ “$25,000?“ he asked. “Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?
33、“ “No, man. I work 8 hours and I dont make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too.“ As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank. “Hey, theres another bank,“ I said, “could you wait here a minute while I go inside?“ “No, I cant wait. Pay me now.“ His reluctance may have had
34、 something to do with money taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber cant expect unconditional support. 31 From the Ghanaian drivers response, we can infer that （ A） he was indifferent to the killing. （ B） he was afraid of the
35、author. （ C） he looked down upon the author. （ D） he thought the author was crazy. 32 Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge? （ A） Because he didnt want to help the author get over his career crisis. （ B） Because he wanted to go home and
36、relax. （ C） Because it was far away from his home. （ D） Because he suspected that the author was going to commit suicide. 33 What is the authors interpretation of the drivers reluctance “to wait outside the Chemical bank“? （ A） The driver thought that the rate for waiting time was too low. （ B） The
37、driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally. （ C） The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible. （ D） The driver wanted to go home and relax. 34 Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers? （ A） They are ready to help you do whate
38、ver you want to. （ B） They refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves, （ C） They are sympathetic with those who are out of work. （ D） They work only for money. 35 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） How to make taxi riders comfortable. （ B） How to deal with taxi riders. （ C） The attitu
39、des of taxi drivers towards the taxi riders having personal crises. （ D） The attitudes of taxi drivers towards violent criminals. 36 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support
40、the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the
41、 somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)
42、were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week, by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, lin
43、ks age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to inv
44、estigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memor
45、y recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the, memory deficits that occur as
46、people age,“ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.“ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym. 36 Which of the followin
47、g statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“? （ A） Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? （ B） Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? （ C） Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? （ D） Does brain work on files in sleep? 37 What
48、 is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? （ A） The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex. （ B） Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus. （ C） Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation
49、. （ D） Somatosensory neoeortex plays a primary role m memory consolidation. 38 What is the, relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research rnentioned in paragraph? （ A） People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance. （ B） People with good memory have low glucose tolerance. （ C） Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance. （ D） The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance 39 In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? （ A） There is no relation between memory and
