1、职称英语（综合类） A级模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 When people become unemployed, it is loafing often worse than lack of wages. （ A） laziness （ B） poverty （ C） idleness （ D） inability 2 Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case yo
2、u smudge the new carpet. （ A） crash （ B） pollute （ C） spot （ D） stain 3 The government is trying to do something to boost better understanding between the two countries. （ A） raise （ B） increase （ C） heighten （ D） promote 4 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. （ A） take out （ B） break o
3、ff （ C） push in （ D） dig up 5 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. （ A） play （ B） show （ C） send （ D） tell 6 This table is strong and durable. （ A） long-lasting （ B） extensive （ C） far-reaching （ D） eternal 7 He endured great pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B）
4、 resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 8 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror. （ A） smiling （ B） laughing （ C） shouting （ D） staring 9 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day. （ A） eats （ B） drinks （ C） buys （ D） produces 10 Mary just told us a very fascinating story. （ A） strange （ B） frightening
5、（ C） difficult （ D） interesting 11 Its a gorgeous day anyway. （ A） lovely （ B） cold （ C） normal （ D） rainy 12 Her life is becoming more diverse. （ A） generous （ B） humorous （ C） varied （ D） romantic 13 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war. （ A） broadening （ B） worsening （ C） extending （ D） ac
6、celerating 14 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice. （ A） unable （ B） indecisive （ C） ready （ D） reluctant 15 She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles. （ A） sick （ B） weak （ C） slim （ D） pale 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误
7、信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Marriage Advertisements in India Every Sunday morning millions of Indians settle down with a cup of tea and special weekend issues of their newspapers, just as Americans do. But here, with the marriage season approaching, many of them quickly to a Sunday feature that
8、 is particularly Indian-the-columns of marriage advertisements in which young people look for husbands and wives. This is relatively modern change in the age-old custom of the arranged marriage. The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that coming to th
9、is traditional society. For example, although women are still described in terms of appearance, or skill in “the wifely arts“, information about her earning power is entering more and more of the advertisements. This reflects the arrival in India of the working wife. Divorce, which used to be almost
10、 unheard of in India, is sometimes now mentioned in the advertisements as in the case of a woman whose advertisement in New Delhi newspaper explained that had been “the innocent party“ when her marriage broke up. Because the custom of the dowry ( marriage payment) is now illegal, some advertisements
11、 say “no dowry“ or “simple marriage“, which means the same thing. However, the fathers of many bridegrooms still require it. In a land where light skin is often regarded as socially preferable, many also require that a woman have a “wheat-color“ complexion or that a man be “tall, fair and handsome“.
12、 Advertisements are placed and eagerly read by a wide range of people in the upper classes, mostly in cities. Many of them receive dozens of answers. “Theres nothing embarrassing about it,“ explained a Calcutta businessman advertising a son-in-law. “Its just another way of broadening the contacts an
13、d increasing the possibility of doing the contacts and increasing the possibilities of doing the best one for ones daughter. “ Because of high unemployment and a generally poor standard of living here, one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especia
14、lly in Canada or the United States. A person who has one can get what he wants. One recent Sunday in Madras, for example, a Punjabi engineer living in San Francisco advertised for a “beautiful slim bride with lovely features knowing music and dance“. And a man whose advertisement said that he held a
15、n American immigration permit was able to say, only girls from rich, well-connected families need apply. 16 In Marriage advertisements in India women are only introduced in terms of appearance or their skill in being a good wife. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Indias society is changing
16、. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The word “dowry“ in the third paragraph means marriage payment. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 In India people with light skin and good feature are preferable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The word “one“ in “a person who has o
17、ne can get what he wants“ refers to good attraction. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Advertisements are only read by a small group of people of high social status. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 In India there is a high divorce rate. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
18、三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个 选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Icebergs 1 Icebergs are among natures most spectacular(壮观的 ) creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come int
19、o being somewhere in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most case no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away(消融 ) just as unnoticed. 2 Objects of sheerest(最纯粹的 ) beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless var
20、iety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring in calm, sunlight seas. 3 But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are in the night, in the fog, and in storms.
21、Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. 4 Icebergs are parts of glaciers that b
22、reak off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and
23、 on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each years snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When
24、 new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed t
25、o larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. A Formation of Iceberg B Iceberg Is Beautiful C Color of Iceberg D Iceberg Is Dangerous E. Iceberg Is Mysterious F. Classification of Iceberg 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 26
26、A larger than the party above the water B stay near the iceberg C melt away just as unnoticed D larger crystals E. stay away from iceberg F. above the water 27 Icebergs exist only a short time and then slowly _. 28 Even in clear weather one is wise to _. 29 The underwater part of an iceberg is _. 30
27、 With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to _, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 “Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new g
28、eneration of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could
29、 be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, startin
30、g with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares(公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts(妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves(红树林 ) that create swamps(沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea w
31、ater have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep(渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated(蒸发 ) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants
32、and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect
33、 the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed th
34、e appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? （ A） They are students at Sussex Uni
35、versity. （ B） They are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme _. （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution. （ B） to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. （ C） to breed ri
36、ce plants that taste salty. （ D） to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil. 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? （ A） Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed （ B） The water table has gone down after droughts. （ C） Sea level ha
37、s been continuously rising. （ D） Evaporation of water leaves salt behind 34 The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by _. （ A） influence （ B） effect （ C） stop （ D） present 35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is _. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） suspicious （ D
38、） indifferent 35 Walking Robot Carries a Person The first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo, Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company Tmsuk hope their two-leg-ged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb u
39、p and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground. The battery-powered robot, code-named WL-16, is essentially an aluminium chair mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators (传动装置 ) to move forw
40、ards, backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms (130 pounds). The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down A few millimeters, but the team plans to make it capable of dea
41、ling with a normal flight of stairs. “I believe this bipedal (两足的 ) robot, which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair, will eventually enable people to go up and down the stairs. “ said Atsuo Takanishi, from Waseda University. “We have had strong robots for some time
42、 but usually they have been manipulators, they have not been geared to carrying people around. “ says Ron Arkin, at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics consultant for Sony. “But I dont know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is. “ Tmsuk chief executive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipe
43、dal or multi-legged robots will be more useful than so-called “caterpillar (毛毛虫 ) models“ for moving over uneven ground. WL-16s normal walking step measures 30 centimeters, but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm a part. The prototype (原型 ) is currently radio-controlled, but the research team plans to
44、 equip it with a stick-like controller for the user in future. Takanishi said it will take “at least two years“ to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model. Smaller, ground-hugging (紧贴地面行走的 ) robots have been developed to pass across tricky ground. One maggot-like (像蛆一样的 ) device uses a magn
45、etic fluid to pulse its way along, while another snake-like robot uses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape affects any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to travel over rough territory. But none of these are big or strong enough to carr
46、y a person too. 36 The robot presented to the public on Friday in Tokyo, Japan _ （ A） surprised visitors from Waseda University. （ B） can move up to 60 kilometres per hour. （ C） can transport heavy goods over uneven ground （ D） has two legs and is able to carry a person. 37 The researchers plan to m
47、ake WL-16 capable of _ （ A） moving up and down the stairs easily. （ B） turning its head easily. （ C） using a telescope to find the way. （ D） carrying a person of over 60 kilograms. 38 What does Ron Arkin think of WL-16? （ A） He doesnt think it is useful. （ B） He thinks it is only a manipulator. （ C）
48、 He thinks it is user-friendly. （ D） He is unsure of its safety. 39 Which of the following is true of WL-16? （ A） It can only move forwards and backwards. （ B） It is a caterpillar model. （ C） It can walk with a step of up to 136 cm. （ D） It is equipped with a stick-like controller. 40 Which type of
49、robot is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph? （ A） Maggot-like robots. （ B） Snake-like robots. （ C） Ball-shaped robots. （ D） Chair-shaped robots. 40 Two People, Two Paths You must be familiar with the situation: Dads driving, Mums telling him where to go. Hes sure that they need to turn left. But she says its not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women? They both do, a new study says. but in
