1、职称英语（综合类） A级模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Hundreds of species are declared to be extinct in the coming century. （ A） die away （ B） leave off （ C） die out （ D） leave out 2 He is considered to be the most diligent student in class. （ A）
2、kind-hearted （ B） hard-working （ C） short-sighted （ D） far-reaching 3 Do you believe these two intimate friends used to be enemies? （ A） bearable （ B） internal （ C） close （ D） believable 4 This book embraces many subjects. （ A） adopts （ B） covers （ C） presses （ D） accepts 5 He is sure of the coming
3、of investment boom after adopting the new investment policies. （ A） decrease （ B） increase （ C） influence （ D） preparation 6 A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday. （ A） waited on （ B） talked to （ C） spoke to （ D） stayed with 7 These are our motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B）
4、arguments （ C） targets （ D） pursuit 8 Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them. （ A） control （ B） contribute （ C） convey （ D） contact 9 The play is proved to be a remarkable success. （ A） terrific （ B） relative （ C） ultimate （ D） slight 10 Italian ice cream is imitated all over t
5、he world. （ A） copied （ B） ignored （ C） organized （ D） provided 11 I notified him that the meeting had been postponed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 12 He has established himself to be a competent manager by his successfully handling several difficult tasks. （ A） definite （ B）
6、effective （ C） qualified （ D） deficient 13 The hotel tries to meet the diverse needs of its customers. （ A） various （ B） indifferent （ C） many （ D） typical 14 He is exempted from military service, because of his bad sight. （ A） restricted （ B） hampered （ C） liberated （ D） restrained 15 He pondered h
7、er words thoroughly. （ A） thought over （ B） thought up （ C） thought of （ D） thought out 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提 供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 What is Market? The word market is used in a number of ways. There is a stock market
8、and automobile market, a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture. One person may be going to the market; another may plan to market a product. What, then is a market? A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet, goods or services are offered for sale, an
9、d transfers of ownership occur. A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service. For instance, there is a farm market for petroleum products. The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably; they, may also be used jointly as mar
10、ket demand. These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here. For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants (needs) to satisfy, money to spend, and the willingness to spend it. Thus in the market demand for any given product or service, there ar
11、e three factors to consider people or organizations with wants (needs), their purchasing power, and their buying behavior. We shall employ the dictionary definition of needs: the lack of anything that is required, desired, or useful. We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological requirements of
12、food, clothing and shelter essential for survival. In our discussion the words and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably. In a strict interpretation, however, needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food, clothing, and shelter, while wants would be such basic preferen
13、ces. However, in our affluent society, little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two. Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food, clothing, and shelter. 16 Market can be classified according to what is sold on a market and how goods are sold. （ A） Right （ B
14、） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Sellers prefer the term “market“ while buyers prefer “demand“. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The definition of market for business purposes involves three factors: buyers, sellers, and goods and services. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The def
15、inition of market for business purpose focuses on purchasers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 “Needs“ and “wants“ mean the game in our discussion. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Strictly speaking, “wants“ refers to peoples emotional needs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment
16、ioned 22 In our rich society, it is pointless to separate peoples needs from their wants. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 How Did English Become a Global La
17、nguage The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us in his attractive, short book English as a Global Language. It is certainly quite a theme. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2,000 years ago, English did not exit. Five hundred years later, English, vi
18、rtually incomprehensible to modem ears, was probably spoken by about as few people as currently speak Cherokee, the language of a small North American Indian tribe and with as little influence. About 1,000 years later, at the end of the 16th century, and after the Norman Conquest, the reformation an
19、d the arrival of commercial printing technology, English was the native speech of between 5 million and 7 million people. And yet now look at it. As the second millennium approaches, English is more widely scattered, more widely spoken and written than any other language has ever been. In the title
20、of the book it has become a truly global language. According to David Crystal, about 2.09 billion people, well over one-third of the worlds population are routinely exposed to it. As he rightly points out, what is impressive about this staggering figure is “not so much the grand total but the speed
21、with which the expansion has taken place since the 1950s. In 1950, the case for English as a world language would have been no more than plausible. Fifty years on and the case is virtually won.“ So what happened? Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a navy. In other words,
22、 when the British navy set out to conquer the world, it set out an “army“ of English speakers. As the British empire spread throughout the world, English became the basis of law, commerce and education. The British empire was succeeded by another (the American), which shared virtually the same lingu
23、istic heritage. American English, which has become the rocket-fuel of the English language, has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40, let alone 400 years ago. The most valuable part of Crystals study is the section devoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis of this global reach
24、, notably the influence of broadcasting, press, advertising, popular music and film. He is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Wed as a powerful reinforce of American cultural and linguistic dominance. One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played
25、by the League of Nations, and later the United Nations, in spreading English as an international language in the aftermath of the two world wars. What does the future hold? To this question, Crystal proposes the. recognition of a new form of English WSSE (World Standard Spoken English) which almost
26、by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintelligible languages as Latin once did. “English, in some shape or form, will find itself in the service of the world community forever,“ Crystal writes. 23 A. The future of English B.The speed of the spread of Eng
27、lish C.The role played by culture and the net D.The role played by military expansion E. The role played by education F. The 2,000 years of English 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A.because of their similarity B.that we would not be able to understand it at all
28、 C.to the popularization of English as a world language D.the trend to become a globe language E. what once happened to Latin F. but. the speed with which 27 The kind of English spoken 1,500 years ago was so different from the English we speak today _. 28 What impresses people most is not the increa
29、sing number of speakers of English found over the world _ the language spreaded in the past half century or so. 29 The two international organizations founded after the two world wars made their contribution _. 30 Crystal expresses the belief that in the future _ will not happen to English. 四、 阅读理解
30、(第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and exp
31、ertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has faltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunho
32、fer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over
33、. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventual
34、ly starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家 ), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology
35、transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is th
36、e fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Hein
37、rich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia. 31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? （ A） Technology transfer. （ B） Good management. （ C） Hard work. （ D） Fierce competition. 32 Which of the following is NOT true of
38、traditional university research? （ A） It is free. （ B） It is profit-driven. （ C） It is widely available. （ D） It is curiosity-driven. 33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in （ A） Asia. （ B） USA （ C） Europe. （ D） Africa. 34 When was the Fraunhofer Society found
39、ed? （ A） In 1940. （ B） Last year. （ C） After the unification. （ D） In 1949. 35 The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by （ A） experts. （ B） scientists. （ C） scholars. （ D） special knowledge. 36 Star Quality A new anti-cheating system for counting the judges scores in ice skating is fl
40、awed, according to leading sports specialists. Ice skatings governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced. Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 t
41、o 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routine. But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to vote for the Russians. The International Olympics Committee then decided to giv
42、e a second gold to the Canadian runners-up (亚军 ). The ISU, skatings governing body, now says it intends to change the rules. In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores-selected at random-will count. The ISU wont finally approve the new system until it meets in June but alr
43、eady UK Sport, the British Governments sports body, has expressed reservations. “1 remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for“, says Jerry Bingham, UK Sports head of ethics (伦理 ). A random system can st
44、ill be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London. “The score of one or two judges who have been nobbled (受到贿赂 ) may still be in the seven selected.“ Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymnastics, and synchronized s
45、wimming, have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores. If a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldnt count. It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a member of the internatio
46、nal government bodys technical committee. “If you remove those at the top and bottom youre left with those in the middle, so youre getting a reasonable average.“ Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further. Two separate panels of judges score different roun
47、ds of diving during top competitions. Neither panel knows the scores given by the other. “We have done this to head off any suggestion of bias,“ says Cook. Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options, “This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with the problem of adjudicat
48、ing (裁定 ) on matter of style and presentation,“ he says. 36 Who won the gold medal in the pairs figure-skating event? （ A） The Russian pair. （ B） The Canadian pair. （ C） Both the Russian pair and the Canadian pair. （ D） The French pair. 37 According to the new rules proposed by the ISU, which of the
49、 following is right? （ A） The number of judges will be doubled. （ B） Only half of the judges will score. （ C） Only some selected judges will score. （ D） Only half of the scores will count. 38 What does Jerry Bingham express by saying “1 remain to be convinced“? （ A） His anger. （ B） His criticism. （ C） His agreement. （ D） His doubt. 39 The attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISU can be best described as （ A） indifferent. （ B） reserved. （ C） enthusiastic. （ D） positive. 40 Which of th
