1、职称英语（综合类） A级模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I m very glad to draft the letter for you. （ A） revise （ B） clarify （ C） formulate （ D） contribute 2 The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees. （ A） departed （ B） separate
2、d （ C） fled （ D） spread 3 This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur. （ A） drying up （ B） dying out （ C） being exported （ D） being transplanted 4 It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. （ A） challeng
3、ed （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 5 We can utilize water for producing electric power. （ A） employ （ B） embrace （ C） emerge （ D） emphasize 6 Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous. （ A） ridiculous （ B） unacceptable （ C） unheard of （ D） unbelievable 7 If so, the next census in 2021
4、 could show the beginning of a shift towards normality. （ A） statement （ B） agreement （ C） count （ D） estimate 8 The house had many drawbacks, most notably its price. （ A） remarkably （ B） particularly （ C） noticeably （ D） significantly 9 If reason could lead you to orthodox conclusion, well and good
5、, you are still a rationalist. （ A） acceptable （ B） western （ C） conventional （ D） conservative 10 The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. （ A） encouraged （ B） enforced （ C） expected （ D） entitled 11 She s very ingenious when it comes to finding excus
6、es. （ A） clever （ B） effective （ C） original （ D） implausible 12 Subsequent events proved the man to be right. （ A） Earlier （ B） Later （ C） Previous （ D） Recent 13 Our public transportation is not sufficient for the need of the people in our major cities. （ A） additional （ B） efficient （ C） excessiv
7、e （ D） adequate 14 We will abide by their decision. （ A） persist in （ B） stick to （ C） safeguard （ D） apply 15 This law becomes operative immediately. （ A） moving （ B） rotating （ C） working （ D） running 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请
8、选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Fat Problem That Men Face It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they don t hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However, women of the same a
9、ge do not discuss the fat problem, especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing. The age at which a man begins to explore
10、 the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30 s, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. I ve watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to
11、 display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them “tailored“. Still older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often wives and children play important roles in their fat-in
12、spection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player, as an example. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out, “ Fat, medium or thin?“ She knows the correct answer;medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that n
13、ew video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning(before the day s meals take their toll), puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, “ Am 1 getting fatter?“ His wife is expected to answer, “You look
14、 like you may have lost a few pounds. “ And then there are the ex-husbands a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasn t eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that mornin
15、g. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think he s fat? 16 Men of a certain age are always ready to talk about their fa
16、t problem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Women of a certain age do not discuss the fat problem, especially in the presence of men. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Men usually begin to worry about their weight when they are nearly 40. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
17、 19 The journalist used to drink Diet Coke and tuck his shirts in order to keep trim. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Men older than the journalist never hesitate to talk about their fat problem yet would be displeased if their family members tell them the truth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （
18、C） Not mentioned 21 My oldest brother s daughter would not tell her father he is fat because she loves him so much that she cannot bear to upset him. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with their fat problem. （ A） Righ
19、t （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每 个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 How Human s Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed 1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are
20、formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. 2 Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit cert
21、ain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture“. 3 Those who support the “ nature“ si
22、de of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our b
23、ehavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. 4 Those who support the “nurture“ theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts
24、 in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. 5 Let us examine the different
25、 explanations about one human characteristic , intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the “nature“ theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say, they don t believe that factors in the environment have much infl
26、uence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for app
27、ropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. A. Environment Is Important B. Two Approaches Different From Each Other Are Formed C. People Want to Know How Their Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed D. Our Personalities and Behavior Patterns Are Largely Determined by Biologi
28、cal Factors E. We Want to Explain the Behaviors F. Two Similar Approaches Are Formed 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 26 A. human is born with a certain personality B. how the personality and behavior are formed C. will experience intellectual development D. two different
29、schools on the matter have developed E. will influence on characters F. human is born with no personality 27 Although no clear answers, _. 28 Those who support the “nature“theory dont believe environment_. 29 Social scientists want to clear out_. 30 “Nature“ theory claims_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共
30、 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Older Volcanic Eruptions Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease. Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link
31、 between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more dam
32、age they seemed to do. He calculated the “killing efficiency“ for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava(熔岩 )that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more rece
33、nt rivals. The Permian(二叠纪 )extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global
34、 warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera(种类 )at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things retur
35、ned to normal within ten thousand of years. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all, “ Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid(小行星 ). He thinks that old
36、er volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of c
37、alculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and tha
38、t lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions. 31 Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones? （ A） Because they killed off life more easily. （ B） Because they were brighter. （ C） Because they were larger. （ D） Because they were hotter. 32 How did
39、 Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions? （ A） By estimating how long they lasted. （ B） By counting the dinosaurs they killed. （ C） By studying the chemical composition of lava. （ D） By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced. 33 When
40、 did dinosaurs become extinct? （ A） 300 million years ago. （ B） 250 million years ago. （ C） 60 million years ago. （ D） 65 million years ago. 34 What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs? （ A） They were killed off by an asteroid. （ B） They died of drastic climate change. （ C） They we
41、re wiped off by a volcanic eruption. （ D） The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue. 35 What is the main thesis of the article? （ A） Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly. （ B） Older volcanic eruptions are more destructive. （ C） Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to g
42、lobal warming. （ D） It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption. 35 US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday. In a specia
43、l report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease. This could be because of unequal access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases like diabetes as well, and p
44、erhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself, the report added. “ In general, African Americans have less likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis, “ the report said. “In describing cancer statistics for Afri
45、can Americans, this report recognizes that socioeconomic disparities and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race. “ The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research
46、was needed to see if biological differences play a role. “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of eliminating these social disparities through public policy and education efforts, “ the organization said in a statement. But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates. “Cancer death
47、rates in both sexes for all sites combined have declined substantially among African Americans since 1992 , as have incidence rates, “ said the report. “Increased efforts to improve economic conditions in combination with education about the relationship of lifestyle choices to cancer could further
48、reduce the burden of cancer among African Americans. “ Aboutr36 million Americans describe themselves as black, representing about 12 percent of the population. 36 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than_. （ A） people in other countries （ B） white Americans （ C） all other Americans （ D
49、） their ancestors 37 Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? （ A） Unequal access to medical care. （ B） Greater probability of having other diseases. （ C） Differences in the biology of the cancer. （ D） Early diagnosis. 38 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected_. （ A） in an early stage （ B） together with other diseases （ C） during check-ups （ D） in elderly people 39 Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with_. （ A） death rates （ B） various cancers （ C） un
