1、职称英语（综合类） A级模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was a puzzle. （ A） girl （ B） woman （ C） problem （ D） mystery 2 Her speciality is heart surgery. （ A） region （ B） site （ C） field （ D） platform 3 France has kept intimate links with its form
2、er African territories. （ A） friendly （ B） private （ C） strong （ D） secret 4 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. （ A） spread （ B） mixed （ C） beaten （ D） covered 5 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） smash
3、ed （ D） changed 6 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. （ A） posted （ B） sent （ C） given （ D） handed 7 The change in that village was miraculous. （ A） conservative （ B） amazing （ C） insignificant （ D） unforgettable 8 Customers often defer payment for as long as possible
4、. （ A） make （ B） demand （ C） postpone （ D） obtain 9 Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year. （ A） ban （ B） remove （ C） eliminate （ D） expel 10 She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset. （ A） declares （ B） asserts （ C） describes （ D） announces 11 From my standpoint,
5、 this thing is just ridiculous. （ A） field （ B） point of view （ C） knowledge （ D） information 12 The latest census is encouraging. （ A） statement （ B） assessment （ C） evaluation （ D） count 13 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） different （ B） proud （ C） uncomfo
6、rtable （ D） unconscious 14 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） able （ B） fortunate （ C） qualified （ D） competent 15 He was elevated to the post of prime minister. （ A） pulled （ B） promoted （ C） lifted （ D） treated 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句
7、子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Principles of Governing Persuasion If leadership consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leaders essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp,
8、 available only to the charismatic (有魅力的 ) and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and
9、applied. The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So its
10、 worth the time to unc9ver real similarities and offer genuine praise. Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. Its sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily an
11、d clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to (服从 ) experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that its self-evident. Finally, people
12、want more of a commodity when its scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data. 16 Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 People are more likely to cooperate with those who like t
13、hem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees. （ A） Right. （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Experiments have shown tha
14、t, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data. （ A） Rig
15、ht （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The Mir Space Station The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of lon
16、g-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about USS 4.2 billion to build and maintain the station. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from
17、 three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United State
18、s took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partn
19、ers in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $ 80 milli
20、on, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enoug
21、h for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 d
22、ays aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. Most of these problems were repaire
23、d, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was mined. Mirs setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-t
24、erm human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir. 23 A.Rewards following the US financial injection. B.Mirs firsts in scientific experiments and space exploration. C
25、.Undeniable Mirs achievements. D.Mir regarded as a complete failure. E. Mirs problem year. F. A great debt owned to the International Space Station 23 Paragraph 4 _ 24 Paragraph 5 _ 25 Paragraph 6 _ 26 Paragraph 8 _ 27 A.everything B.nothing C.a tremendous failure D.quite possible E. many firsts F.
26、a great success 27 Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was_. 28 In Mir, the U.S. astronauts created _. 29 When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are_. 30 The writer tends to think that Mir was_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共
27、45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Effects of Environmental Pollution If pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols (浮质 ) in the atmosphere will cause the onset (开始 ) of an ice age in about fifty years time. This conclusion reached by Dr S. I. Rasoo1 and Dr
28、S. H. Scheider of the United States Goddard Space Flight Center, answer the apparently conflicting questions of whether an increase in the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳 ) content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth warm up or increasing the aerosol question is dominant. Two specters haunting conservationi
29、sts have been the prospect that environmental pollution might lead to the planets becoming unbearably hot or cold. One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase
30、 in temperature of only 2 , which would take place over several thousand years. But the other problem now looms larger than ever. Aerosols are collection of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium. The particles are all so tiny that each is composed of only a few hundre
31、d atoms. Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time. Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog (烟雾 ) of the kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today. These collections of aerosols reflect the Suns heat and th
32、ereby cause the Earth to cool. Dr Rasoo1 and Dr Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosol layer just above the Earths surface in the temperature of the planet. As the layer builds up, the present delicate balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount radi
33、ated from the Earth is disturbed. The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Suns light but also transmits the infrared (红外线 ) radiation from below. So, while the heat input to surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state. Within fifty years, if no
34、 steps are taken to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, a cooling of the Earth by as much as 3.5C seems inevitable. If that lasts for only a few years it would start another ice age, and because the growing ice caps at each pole would themselves reflect much of the Suns radiation it would
35、 probably continue to develop even if the aerosol layer were destroyed. The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in the hope expressed by Dr Rasoo1 and Dr Schneider that nuclear powder may replace fossil fuels in time to prevent the aerosol content of atmosphere from becoming critical. 31 T
36、he authors main purpose in writing the article is to warn of_. （ A） warm weather （ B） hot weather （ C） a new ice age （ D） a new iceberg 32 The word “specters“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _. （ A） pollution （ B） carbon dioxide （ C） aerosols （ D） ghosts 33 We learn from the third p
37、aragraph that_. （ A） London was plagued with rats in the 1950s. （ B） London is covered with smog today. （ C） London was polluted by smog in the 1950s. （ D） Los Angeles is as heavily polluted today as London was in the 1950s. 34 What will happen if the dust aerosol layer develops? （ A） The earth will
38、 get extremely hot. （ B） The balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount lost could hardly be maintained. （ C） The light of the Sun could no longer reach the surface of the Earth. （ D） Infrared radiation could no longer be transmitted from the Earth to outer space. 35 The
39、 only way to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, according to Dr Rasool and Dr Schneider, is to use_. （ A） fossil fuels （ B） electric power （ C） nuclear energy （ D） coal power 36 Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is th
40、reatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surroundings vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American As
41、sociation for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned. “Coal fires are a global catastrophe,“ said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro,
42、USA.But surprisingly few people know about them. Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and bu
43、rning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the US economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analy
44、sis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology, once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases; poisonous gases fumes and black particles in to the a
45、tmosphere. The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Insti
46、tute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country. Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide
47、theses fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Cary Colaozzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxyge
48、n supply. 36 According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is that_. （ A） underground fires loom large in the forests （ B） coal burning deep underground is found in China （ C） poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources （ D） arsenic
49、and mercury are the most poisonous elements to water sources 37 According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear? （ A） Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns. （ B） The underground oxygen will be used up. （ C） Poisonous fumes and greenhouse gases will be accumulated underground. （ D） There will be an increases of abandoned mines. 38 What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology? （ A
