1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The government is debating the education laws. （ A） discussing （ B） defeating （ C） delaying （ D） declining 2 They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year. （ A） g
2、oods （ B） soil （ C） climate （ D） harvest 3 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repair （ D） paint 4 During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. （ A） permanent （ B） powerful （ C） strik
3、ing （ D） practical 5 Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 6 He invested a considerable amount of money in the project. （ A） immense （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） rea
4、listic 7 The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very causal. （ A） formal （ B） informal （ C） regular （ D） irregular 8 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 9 They are worded ab
5、out their capacity to invest in the future. （ A） capital （ B） ability （ C） expense （ D） reality 10 The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles. （ A） quicken （ B） shorten （ C） loosen （ D） enlarge 11 We should never content ourselves with only a little knowledge. （ A）
6、 convince （ B） satisfy （ C） comfort （ D） benefit 12 We should contemplated the problem from all sides. （ A） deliberated （ B） thought （ C） described （ D） designed 13 His health had deteriorated while he was in prison. （ A） became better （ B） became worse （ C） became stronger （ D） became weaker 14 I m
7、eant to give you this book today, but I forgot. （ A） intended to （ B） tended to （ C） extended to （ D） pretended to 15 As a matter of fact, I love soft music more than popular music. （ A） basically （ B） probably （ C） actually （ D） accurately 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子
8、做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without k
9、nowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in t
10、he child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with t
11、he right pronunciation, right intonation, fight use of words and fight structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation. Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round,
12、 while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the fight kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural
13、, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
14、Finally, though a childs “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy. 16 Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease. （ A） Righ
15、t （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） No
16、t mentioned 19 Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round. （ A） Right
17、（ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 So far as language teaching is concerned, the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professiona
18、l language teaching training he has received. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 1. Right now, our eyes are on President Bush. He has surrounded himself with a
19、dvisors that hes comfortable with white, male, establishment. He has one woman in the cabinet, and shes the Labour Secretary. There is also one black and one Hispanic. So you can see weve come a long way. But whos counting? In Congress, 25 women out of 535. It is up to you, and your generation, to f
20、ight for equality for everyone, to make our democracy a true reality. 2. As for reality, we have a president who says he wants “a kinder, gentler administration,“ but he wont say kinder than what, lest he faults his predecessor. He also wants to be an education president, an environment president, b
21、ut those mountains he has not yet scaled. 3. As with all presidents, relations with the press are up and down. The president has gone out of his way to woo the press and often invites us to the White House. But lately he has been irritated because of our stories saying that he has a credibility gap
22、and an enormous liking for secrecy. Credibility and accountability are something essential to public service. I saw two presidents go down the drain because they had lost their credibility Lyndon Johnson, with the Vietnam War; Richard Nixon in the Watergate Scandal. There is no joy in the fall from
23、grace of any president. On the other hand, there is great satisfaction in knowing that no man, not even a president, is above the law. 4. Too often information that belongs in the public domain is stamped “National Security“ and kept form the public eye for years. Too often the public is denied the
24、right to be in the dialogue and too often presented with an accomplished fact. 5. The invasion (入侵 ) of Panama, with hundreds of innocent civilians killed, was not one of our shining moments, sending thousands of men into a country to get one man. Coverage of the invasion was well-managed, totally c
25、ontrolled. Very little film of the bombing or the bodies got on your television screen. The pictures taken by the Pentagon have been put into classified files. President Johnson complained that scenes of Vietnam War coming into your living room every night destroyed him politically. So they have lea
26、rned: out of sight, out of mind. 23 A.Some criticisms about President Bush B.The Watergate Scandal C.Credibility-an essential character for president D.A strong dissatisfaction about governments “keeping secret“ E.Critical comments about Vietmana War and the invasion of Panama F.Why to begin Vietman
27、 War 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 27 A.to be fatal to him politically B.of the panama invasion C.cant be punished by the law D.be more open and democratic E.the Bush Administrations goal F.the invasion was shown on TV 27 The press criticizes the Bush Admini
28、stration mainly because _. 28 To improve education and the environment is _. 29 The Watergate Scandal shows that no one, not even the president, _. 30 John failed to control the news and failure proved _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Tipping Everybody loathe
29、s it, but everybody does it. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans hate the practice. It seems so arbitrary, after all. Why does a barman get a tip, but not a doctor who saved lives? In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay mor
30、e than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip. Such explanations no doubt explain the purported o
31、rigin of tipping in the 16th century, boxes in English taverns carried the phrase “To Insurance Promptitude“ (later just “TIP“). But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful function. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different resta
32、urants. The correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is be
33、tter explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who
34、delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology
35、. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell papers co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social
36、 approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.“ Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip a measure of their introversion, no doubt. While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the cu
37、stomer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually incentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. Service people should “just be paid a decent wage“ may actually make economic sense. 31 We can infer from the first paragraph that _. （ A） tipping has nev
38、er been really popular in America （ B） tipping has been questioned by people though it still exists （ C） American people approve of giving tips to doctors instead of barmen （ D） American people think one way and act another 32 According to the author, the primary cause of tipping is that _. （ A） the
39、 word “tip“ comes from the phrase “To Insure Promptitude“ （ B） tipping well is a chance to get admiration from others （ C） people hope to receive good service from the service people （ D） tipping can shorten the income gap of the service people 33 What can we learn from the research conducted by Cor
40、nell University? （ A） Tipping doesnt play an important role in getting good service nowadays. （ B） The relationship between lager tips and better service is obvious. （ C） Tipping has nothing to do with the quality of service. （ D） Customers tipping at restaurants is declining now. 34 What does the p
41、hrase “catch on“ in Para. 5 mean? （ A） To understand. （ B） To become popular. （ C） To be involved with. （ D） To be interested in. 35 The passage is mainly focused on _. （ A） discussing whether tipping id necessary or not （ B） introducing the origin and developing of tips （ C） persuading American peo
42、ple to give up tipping （ D） explaining different tips in different countries 36 The Pentagon(五角大楼 ) The Pentagon, headquarters of the Department of Defence in US, is one of the worlds largest office buildings. It is twice the size of the Merchandise Mart in Chicago, and has three times the floor spa
43、ce of the Empire State Building in New York. There are very few people throughout the United States who do not have some knowledge of the Pentagon. Many have followed news stories emanating from the defence establishment housed in this building. However, relatively few people have had the opportunit
44、y to visit. The Pentagon is virtually a city in itself. Approximately 23,000 employees, both military and civilian, contribute to the planning and execution of the defence of the country. These people arrive daily from Washington, D.C.and its suburbs over approx imately 30 miles of access highways,
45、including express bus lanes and one of the newest subway systems in the country. They ride past 200 acres of lawn to park approximately 8,770 cars in 16 parking lots; climb 131 stairways or ride 19 escalators to reach offices that occupy 3,705 square feet. While in the building, they tell time by 4,
46、200 clocks, drink from 691 water fountains, utilize 284 rest rooms, consume 4,500 cups of coffee, 1,700 pints of milk and 6,800 soft drinks prepared or served by a restaurant staff of 230 persons and distributed in 1 dining room, 2 cafeterias, 6 snack bars, and an outdoor snack bar. The restaurant s
47、ervice is a privately run civilian operation under contract to the Pentagon. Stripped of its occupants, furniture and various decorations, the building alone in an extraordinary structure. Built during the early years of World War , it is still thought of as one of the most efficient office building
48、s in the world. Despite 17.5 miles of corridors it takes only seven minutes to walk between any two points in the building. 36 Which of the following statements about the Pentagon is true? （ A） Most Americans know about it. （ B） It is now open to the public. （ C） Around 23,000 workers contribute to
49、its planning. （ D） It is one of the worlds tallest buildings. 37 Which of the following statements about the transportation of the Pentagon is NOT true? （ A） It is accessible by subway. （ B） People can drive directly to it. （ C） People can go there by bus. （ D） The parking lot covers 200 acres of land. 38 Why did the author quote so many figures in the second paragraph? （ A） To show that he knew quite a lot about the Pentagon. （ B） To show the large scale of the Pentagon. （ C） To show that it costs
