1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 2 He is but a child. （ A） probably （ B） not （ C） only （ D） hardly 3 The price of vegetables vari
2、es according to the weather. （ A） jumps （ B） rises （ C） falls （ D） changes 4 Did you do that to irritate her? （ A） tease （ B） attract （ C） annoy （ D） protect 5 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. （ A） offered （ B） rented （ C） provided （ D） sold 6 A ship was reported to be in distress a f
3、ew miles out at sea. （ A） disorder （ B） formation （ C） service （ D） danger 7 You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully. （ A） invent （ B） begin （ C） develop （ D） initiate 8 Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence. （ A） Split （ B） Combine （ C） Break （ D） Divide 9 His ha
4、ndwriting is flowing and graceful. （ A） pleasing （ B） formal （ C） informal （ D） flowery 10 The sisters cant tolerate, each other. （ A） bear （ B） hate （ C） like （ D） criticize 11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. （ A） pull out （ B） repair （ C） take （ D） dig 12 The childs abnormal beha
5、vior puzzled the doctor. （ A） funny （ B） frightening （ C） repeated （ D） unusual 13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. （ A） in （ B） around （ C） from （ D） before 14 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled a
6、nd modified. （ A） sufficiently （ B） noticeably （ C） intentionally （ D） absolutely 15 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank. （ A） altered （ B） changed （ C） bought （ D） sold 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选
7、择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Hercules Once upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓 ). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures. Hercules served a king. The
8、 king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女 ). But no one knew where the garden was. So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the n
9、ext day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he as
10、ked him for help. Atlas answered, “My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?“ Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, “Well, y
11、ou are going to carry the mountain for ever. Im going to see the king with the apples.“ Hercules knew that he couldnt fight him because of the sky on his back. So he shouted: “Just one minutes help. My shoulders are hurting. Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子 ) for my shoulders.“ A
12、tlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky. Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king. 16 Hercules was the tallest man in the world. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Hercules worked in the kings garden. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Herc
13、ules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Atlas was the giant who held up the sky. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Atlas ran faster than Hercules. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Atlas got the go
14、lden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选
15、择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Even Intelligent People Can Fail 1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean; talk on a cellph
16、one (手 机 ). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂 ) of wrong turns. 2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. H
17、e did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的 ) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked
18、when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882. 3 “Many of lifes failures,“ the supreme innovator said, “are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.“ Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light,
19、but in only two cases did his experiments work. 4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the companys successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: “You only fail when yo
20、u quit.“ 5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left
21、shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. 6 Failure is harder to bear in todays open, accelerated world. Hardly any i
22、nnovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffens company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was t
23、hat the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasnt. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品 ) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself. 23 A. Importance of learning from failure B. Quality shared by most innovators C. Edisons innovation D. Edisons comment on f
24、ailure E. Contributions made by innovators F. Miseries endured by innovators 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 27 A. he developed 3,000 theories B. he couldnt afford to buy a pair of shoes C. he found himself an unsuccessful man D. they quitted E. an innovation should w
25、ork immediately F. failure is the mother of success 27 People often didnt realize how close they were to success when_ 28 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car_ 29 Walt Disney was once so poor that_ 30 The media demand that_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题
26、选 1个最佳选项。 31 Sleepless at Night It was a normal summer night. Humidity (湿气 ) hung in the thick air. I couldnt go to sleep, partly because of my cold and partly because of my expectations for the next day. My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a surprise. Sweat stuck to my aching body. Finall
27、y, I gathered enough strength to sit up. I looked out of my small window into the night. There was a big bright moon hanging in the sky, giving off a magic glow. I couldnt stand the pressure anymore, so I did what I always do to make myself feel better. I went to the bathroom and picked up my toothb
28、rush and toothpaste. I cleaned my teeth as if there was no tomorrow. Back and forth, up and down. Then I walked downstairs to look for some signs of movement, some life. Gladiator, my cat, frightened me as he meowed (喵喵地唱出 ) his sad song. He was on the old orange couch (长沙发 ), sitting up on his fron
29、t legs, waiting for something to happen. He looked at me as if to say, “Im lonely, pet me. I need a good hug (紧抱 ).“ Even the couch begged me to sit on it. In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch. This couch represented my parents marriage, my birth, and hundreds of other little events. A
30、s I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily. My mind was flooded with questions: Whats life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiators body, I had a new thought; each touch sang a different song. I forgot all about the heat and the next days surp
31、rise. The atmosphere was so full of warmth and silence that I sank into its arms. Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms, I felt all my worries slowly move away. 31 The author of the passage could not go to sleep partly because （ A） it was too cold. （ B） it was too dry. （ C） he had a cold. （ D）
32、he had a fever. 32 What was the weather like that night? （ A） It was chilly. （ B） It was windy. （ C） It was fine. （ D） It was cloudy, 33 The author brushed his teeth over and over （ A） to relieve himself of the pressure. （ B） to ease his toothache. （ C） to shake off the cold. （ D） to remove the dirt
33、. 34 Gladiator was the name of （ A） a movie. （ B） a pet. （ C） a couch. （ D） a song. 35 What did the couch represent? （ A） A new thought. （ B） Different songs: （ C） A comfortable life. （ D） Happy memories. 36 Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine Even ancient Egypts mighty pyramid (金字塔 ) builders were
34、 powerless in the face of the famine (饥荒 ) that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame and the same or worse could happen today. The
35、 ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons (季风 ) southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods. Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil.
36、 When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment (沉积 ) from the White Nile. Blue Nile mud has a different isotope (同位素 ) signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta,
37、 Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river. Krem reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4500 to 4200 years ago, immediately ca
38、me before the fall of the Egypts Old Kingdom. The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians. “Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple (波浪 ) effect in societies,“ says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York. Similar events to
39、day could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley, a scientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC. “Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically.“ 36 Why
40、does the author mention ,Egypts mighty pyramid builders“? （ A） Because they once worked miracles. （ B） Because they were well-built. （ C） Because they were actually very weak. （ D） Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization. 37 Which of the following factors was ultimately responsibl
41、e for bringing down the civilization of ancient Egypt? （ A） Change of climate. （ B） Corruption. （ C） Flood. （ D） Population growth. 38 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile. （ B） The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile. （ C） The White Nile
42、 is a branch of the Blue Nile. （ D） The White Nile is a branch of the River Nile. 39 According to Krom, the Egypts Old Kingdom fell （ A） immediately after a period of drought. （ B） immediately after a period of flood. （ C） just before a drought struck. （ D） just before a flood struck. 40 The word “d
43、evastating“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by （ A） frustrating. （ B） damaging. （ C） defeating. （ D） worrying. 41 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industri
44、al base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣 ) has faltered (衰退 ) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas
45、 into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create soght-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in tech
46、nology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies, Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favourin
47、g applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家 the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Oth
48、ers claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous n
49、ames such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people, It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, ther
