1、阅读同步练习试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
2、the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetic. Patient
3、s do not often believe they really need surgery cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs. In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. To
4、day the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brai
5、n can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation. The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in this century. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most o
6、perations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in newborn babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operations for the octogenarian (80岁至 89岁之间的人 ). Many developments in modern surger
7、y are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons
8、 at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery. 1 Most people are afraid of being operated on_. （ A） in spite of improvements in modern surgery （ B） because they
9、think modern drugs are dangerous （ C） because they do not believe they need anaesthetic （ D） unless it is an emergency operation 2 When has the heart-open surgery been possible? （ A） Only in the last fifty years. （ B） From prehistoric times. （ C） Since the nineteenth century. （ D） Since the inventio
10、n of valves. 3 The word “vista“ in the last line refers to_. （ A） support （ B） prospect （ C） history （ D） visit 4 Today, compared with 1910, _. （ A） five times fewer patients die after being operated on （ B） 20% fewer of all operation patients die （ C） 20% of all operation patients recover （ D） oper
11、ation deaths have increased by 20% 5 What are some of the more astonishing innovations in modern surgery? （ A） Ears, nose and throat transplants. （ B） Valves plastic hearts. （ C） Plastic heart valves. （ D） Leg transplants. 5 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when p
12、ackaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator. “ In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher (肉商 ), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until We
13、dnesday and surplus (剩余的 ) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years ago, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to
14、the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe i
15、n search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at va
16、st expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you do
17、nt believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包 )， but at least you will get rid of that terrible hum. 6 The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. “ (Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that_
18、. （ A） the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties （ B） the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties （ C） there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s （ D） the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s 7 Why does the author s
19、ay that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? （ A） People would not buy more food than was necessary. （ B） Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. （ C） Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. （ D） People had effective ways to preserve their food. 8 Who benefi
20、ted the least from fridges according to the author? （ A） Inventors. （ B） Consumers. （ C） Manufacturers. （ D） Traveling salesmen. 9 Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment? （ A） Hum away continuously. （ B） Climatically almost unne
21、cessary. （ C） Artificially-cooled space. （ D） With mild temperatures. 10 What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? （ A） Neutral. （ B） Critical. （ C） Objective. （ D） Compromising. 10 What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time? Its chicken soup, on
22、e prominent American food, expert says. From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides extol
23、led (赞美 ) its virtues. Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four legged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧 ) in the book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day
24、, a day before four legged animals. But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chickens real or imagined curative (治愈的 ) powers comes from its color. Her new book, The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup, looks at
25、 the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughout the ages, she said, “there has been a lot of feeling that white colored foods are easier to eat for the weak women and the ill. “ In addition, “soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon“ are consid
26、ered “comfort foods,“ Sheraton said. “I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish. It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder,“ Sheraton said from her New York home. Her book treats the oldest remedy as if i
27、t was brand new. The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low i
28、n fat. 11 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （ A） Prominent American Foods. （ B） History of the Chicken Soup. （ C） Chicken Soup Recipes. （ D） Chicken Soup, a Universal Cure All. 12 Since ancient times, the value of chicken soup_. （ A） has been overestimated （ B） has been wi
29、dely acknowledged （ C） has been appreciated only by philosophers （ D） has been known only to mothers 13 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Chicken soup has a very long history. （ B） Since ancient times, chicken soup has been a home remedy. （ C） Poultry usually stands higher than fou
30、r-legged animals. （ D） Four legged animals were said to be created on the sixth day. 14 Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for_according to Sheraton. （ A） its color （ B） its taste （ C） its flavor （ D） its recipe 15 It can be said from the survey that chicken is_. （ A） a main dish （ B） a popular
31、 food （ C） cheaper than any other food （ D） all of the above 15 The most noticeable trend among todays media companies is vertical integrationan attempt to control several related aspects of the media business at once, each part helping the other. Besides publishing magazines and books, Time Warner,
32、 for example, owns Home Box Office (HBO), Warner movie studios, various cable TV systems throughout the United States and CNN as well. The Japanese company Matsushita owns MCA Records and Universal Studios and manufactures broadcast production equipment. To describe the financial status of todays me
33、dia is also to talk about acquisitions. The media are buying and selling each other in unprecedented numbers and forming media groups to position themselves in the marketplace to maintain and increase their profits. In 1986, the first time a broadcast network had been sold, two networks were sold th
34、at year ABC and NBC. Media acquisitions have skyrocketed since 1980 for two reasons. The first is that most big corporations today are publicly traded companies, which means that their stock is traded on one of the nations stock exchanges. This makes acquisitions relatively easy. A media company tha
35、t wants to buy a publicly owned company can buy that companys stock when the stock becomes available. The open availability of stock these companies means that anybody with enough money can invest in the American media industries, which is exactly how Rupert Murdoch joined the media business. The se
36、cond reason for the increase in media alliances is that beginning in 1980, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) gradually deregulated the broadcast media. Before 1980, for example, the FCC allowed one company to own only five TV stations, five AM radio stations, and five FM radio stations; co
37、mpanies also were required to hold onto a station for three years before the station could be sold. The post-1980 FCC eliminated the three-year rule and raised the number of broadcast holdings allowed for one owner. This trend of media acquisitions is continuing throughout the 1990s, as changing tec
38、hnology expands the market for media products. The issue of media ownership is important. If only a few corporations direct the media industries in this country, the outlets for differing political viewpoints and innovative ideas could be limited. 16 What do Time Warner and Matsushita have in common
39、? （ A） They both belong to Rupert Murdoch. （ B） They are both big American media corporations. （ C） They are both outlets of differing viewpoints and innovative ideas. （ D） They both own several different but related media businesses. 17 Which of the following is true of the media? （ A） They used to
40、 sell and buy each other in great numbers. （ B） They are trading each other in greater numbers today. （ C） They used to be controlled by two networks ABC and NBC. （ D） They have stopped the trend of acquisitions in the 1990s. 18 According to the passage, what makes acquisitions easier? （ A） The chan
41、ging technology employed by the media. （ B） The medias increasing profits in the marketplace. （ C） The ever tougher regulations of the FCC on the media since 1980. （ D） The availability of the medias stocks on stock exchanges. 19 What is the FCCs new policy regarding media alliances? （ A） It allows
42、companies to sell their stocks publicly. （ B） It doesnt allow companies to sell their stocks publicly. （ C） It permits one company to own more media businesses at the same time. （ D） It has eliminated all post-1980 companies. 20 The issue of media ownership is important because_. （ A） it affects the
43、 amount of money the stockholders will make （ B） it decides whether we can have different aspects of the media （ C） it concerns the channels through which to express opinions （ D） it means that more and more people will hold onto only a few stations 20 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Ang
44、eles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report; the damage and death toll (死亡人数 ) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25 000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relati
45、vely less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 am. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to qu
46、akes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图 ) fr improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures qu
47、ake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations (振动 ,摆动 ). The most recent des
48、igns give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The ne
49、w smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. 21 One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that （ A） new computers had been installed in the buildings （ B） it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways （ C） large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday （ D） improvements has been made in the construction of buildings and highways 22 The
