1、阅读同步练习试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
2、the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belo
3、ng to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes and social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, a
4、nd have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a new Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor
5、of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change
6、 and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of peoples function in the lives of the individuals. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be unique
7、ly worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience
8、 and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest. 1 According to the passage, we can say that anthropology_. （ A） can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living world （ B） can reveal an enormous diversity of traditions （ C） can provide insights into the relationship
9、between human beings and nature （ D） can distinguish the human race from other creatures 2 For serious study, an anthropologist_. （ A） must not study his own culture （ B） is not supposed to have a prejudice against any society （ C） should focus on those societies which are historically related to ea
10、ch other （ D） is obliged to work only on those societies which have no historical relationship to each other 3 In the third paragraph, the author is trying_. （ A） to be critical of custom （ B） to say that anthropology is more important than psychology （ C） to strengthen the role custom plays in expe
11、rience and belief （ D） to draw our attention to the importance of custom 4 Which of the following does the author most probably agree with? （ A） The goal of the anthropology is to understand the way in which people express themselves. （ B） The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carr
12、ied on without any change. （ C） The anthropologists professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs. （ D） All of the above. 5 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） Human Behavior. （ B） Creatures of Society. （ C） The Science of Custom. （ D） The Functions of Culture
13、. 5 Trees should only be pruned (修剪 , 整枝 ) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage
14、results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thick
15、en its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the
16、 centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so tha
17、t there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the wound on the tree which has been pruned smooth and clean for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to
18、 dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and it is. too very unlikely that the cuts yo
19、u make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. 6 Pruning is probably usually done to_. （ A） make the small branches thicker （ B） get rid of the small branches （ C） improve the shape of the tree （ D） make the tree grow taller 7 Trees become unhealthy if t
20、he gardener_. （ A） damages some of the small side branches （ B） forces them to grow too quickly （ C） does not protect them from the wind （ D） allows too many branches to grow in the middle 8 Why is a special substance painted on the tree? （ A） To help a wound to dry. （ B） To cover a rough surface. （
21、 C） To prevent disease entering a wound. （ D） To make a wound smooth. 9 A good gardener prunes a tree_. （ A） regularly every winter （ B） occasionally when necessary （ C） as quickly as possible （ D） at intervals throughout the year 10 What was the authors purpose when writing this passage? （ A） To di
22、scuss different methods of pruning. （ B） To explain how trees develop diseases. （ C） To give a general description of pruning. （ D） To give practical instructions for pruning a tree. 10 For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all night cable TV and the Internet
23、, Earths creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to
24、function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans dont need less sleep as they age. ) But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. Whats worse, nearly one third of all Americans get l
25、ess than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, thats not nearly enough. Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are kinetic (活跃的 , 有力的 ).But many problems are cause
26、d by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Janes at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with
27、possible chronic (慢性的 ,长期的 ) fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,“ Jones says. Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto is Sleep defensively,“ says Mary Carskadon of
28、Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Eisner, who used to suffer from slee
29、plessness, a few lifestyle changes avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath yield better sleep. 11 What is true of human sleep? （ A） Most people need less sleep when they grow older. （ B） Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every nigh
30、t. （ C） On average, people in the US today sleep less per night than they used to. （ D） For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. 12 For our bodies to function properly, we should_. （ A） sleep for at least eight hours per night （ B） believe that we need less sl
31、eep as we age （ C） adjust our activities to the new inventions （ D） be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks 13 According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by_. （ A） other diseases （ B） improper sleep patterns （ C） pre-bedtime exercises （ D） chronic fatigue syndrome 14
32、 Which of the following measures can help you sleep better? （ A） Staying up late. （ B） Taking a hot bath. （ C） Having late meals. （ D） Traveling between time zones. 15 “Sleep defensively“ means that_. （ A） people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed （ B） people should exercise imm
33、ediately before going to bed every night （ C） people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessary （ D） people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day 15 Life insurance isnt fun to buy. It forces you to think about your death: a subject many prefer not
34、to confront. But theres a single, overriding reason to buy life insurance; to provide an income for your dependents should you die. Dont depend solely on an agent to figure your life insurance needs. Rule-of-thumb (经验法 则 ) estimates such a five or eight times of your income are guesses: they may pro
35、duce too little or too much insurance. Carry too little insurance and you may not provide a reasonable standard of living for your family after your death, carry too much and you may not enjoy a reasonable standard of living while youre alive. Most people who have life insurance dont have enough. Th
36、e median amount of coverage for all adults with life insurance was only 15 000 pounds in 1984. Thats obviously not enough to sustain a family with young children for very long. Nationwide insurance found that the married men in its 1984 survey carried an average of about 101 880 pounds in life insur
37、ance? they needed about 100 705 pounds more. Married women carried about 43 516 worth insurance but needed some 98 507 pounds more. How do you determine the amount of life insurance you would need to maintain your familys current life style if the bread-winner died? First figure what your familys ex
38、penses would be if you died tomorrow. Then analyze your assets and the sources of income that you can use to cover the expenses. Finally, subtract the assets (资产，财产 ) from the needs. The result is the amount of additional insurance that youll need to buy. 16 The passage intends to tell you_. （ A） ho
39、w to determine the amount of additional insurance you would need （ B） life insurance is the result of the amount of additional insurance youll need to buy （ C） life insurance is most important in maintaining your familys current life-style （ D） life insurance isnt fun to buy 17 Life insurance is not
40、 fun to buy because_. （ A） it forces you to think about your additional expenses （ B） it reminds you that you may die one day （ C） there is a single, overriding reason （ D） many people prefer not to confront the subject 18 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） You should believe in eit
41、her your agent or those empirical (经验主义的 ) estimates. （ B） You must not rely on agents only to tell you how much life insurance you need. （ C） These agents may produce too little or too much insurance. （ D） Estimates such as five or eight times your income are not reliable. 19 If you carry too littl
42、e or too much insurance, _. （ A） you will know in the end that they are just wild guesses （ B） you may not enjoy a reasonable standard of living while youre alive （ C） you may not provide a reasonable standard of living for your family （ D） either you or your family might suffer an unreasonable livi
43、ng standard 20 All of the following should be taken into account in determining the amount of your life insurance EXCEPT_. （ A） take away the assets from the expenses （ B） estimate your familys expenses （ C） add up the ages of your dependents （ D） analyze your assets and sources of income 20 IQ stan
44、ds for “Intelligence Quotient“ which is measure of a persons intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet (1857 1911), devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all chil
45、dren in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a standard of intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of “mental age. “ First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put
46、large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child. Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could o
47、nly do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he had a mental age of nine. The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists with the required standard. It enabled him to state scores in intelligence
48、tests in terms of norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the “mental“ and the “chronological“ age. Some however, the “mental ratio“ was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with mental a
49、ge of nine has a mental ratio of 0. 75. The mental age was replaced by the intelligence quotient or “IQ“. Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is 100. 21 Which of the following statements best summarizes the theme of the passage? （ A） IQ is the mental age divided by the chronological age and multiplied by a hundred. （ B） How IQ came into use as the measurement of a persons intelligence. （ C） How Alfred Binet introduced the stand
