1、阅读理解模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 0 The Functions and Development of the Community Health Workers AIDS can kill by disgrace even when lifesaving medical treatment is available. Until recently, an HIV-infected woman in Sauri, Kenya, was discouraged by her husband, also HIV-infected, from seeking medical care because
2、of his fear of disgrace. All too often, death quickly ensues in such cases. But not in this one. Husband and wife were saved by Mary Wasonga, a fellow villager recently trained to be a community health worker by the Millennium Village Project, which is helping more than 400,000 people in dozens of A
3、frican communities fight extreme poverty, hunger and disease. Wasonga visited the couple and encouraged them to get home-based HIV testing and counseling, and then helped them enroll in a treatment program. Indeed, she and the 82 other community health workers in Sauri have helped thousands of villa
4、gers do the same. These workers also attend to women in labor who need urgent transport to a delivery room, individuals too weakened by cholera to get to a clinic, children with malaria and many others. They do this with one year of on-the-job training that builds on at least some secondary educatio
5、n. That basic training is enough to save lives in vast numbers. Across Africa, Asia and Latin America, programs are under way that are reminiscent of Chinas successful use of village-based health workers the so-called barefoot doctors a few decades ago, but todays workers have even better health-car
6、e tools. The mother of all community health efforts is Indias National Rural Health Mission. Initiated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and spearheaded by the young, dynamic Minister of Health, Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss, the program has, in just over three years, mobilized more than half a million new c
7、ommunity health workers, each known as an ASHAshort for “accredited social health activist,“ and the Hindi word for hope. Technology companies and foundations are also joining the effort to support community health workers. Mobile-phone giant Ericsson is empowering these workers with phones and supp
8、ort systems for training, reporting vital statistics and calling ambulances, among other services. In India, Saty-am Computer Services and other organizat-ions have partnered with the state government of Andhra Pradesh to provide emerg-encyrresponse coverage for 80 million people. The Gates Foundati
9、on is similarly stepping up its programs of mobile-phone-based health delivery. In the coming years, community health workers can support a breakthrough in the decisive control of many devastating diseases. The rich world can help through expanded financial support for community health workers and t
10、raining programs by its universities. And the U. S. can learn something from these programs: we too need to enlist more community workers to help our own poor and vulnerable. 1 In the first paragraph, why did the husband discourage his wife from getting medical care? （ A） Because he wanted to die wi
11、th his wife together. （ B） Because he knew no medical was effective. （ C） Because he was afraid of being despised by others. （ D） Because no one offered help to him. 2 From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that_. （ A） the medical treatment is not enough for saving HIV-infected people （ B） high
12、er education is necessary to become a community health worker （ C） community health workers only help HIV-infected people （ D） AIDS is incurable without community health workers 3 According to the third paragraph, Indias National Rural Health Mission_. （ A） was initiated by Indias Minister of Health
13、 （ B） was spearheaded by Indias Prime Minister （ C） was based on barefoot doctors （ D） was the origin of all community health efforts 4 We can learn from this passage that_. （ A） Mary Wasonga saved Kenya and her husband because they are her fellow villagers （ B） Chinese doctors are all barefooted （
14、C） the U.S.need to enlist Indian community workers to help American people （ D） not only governments but also companies offer great help to support community health workers 5 It can be inferred from this passage that （ A） it is disgraceful to be HIV-infected. （ B） the education of community health w
15、orkers is poor. （ C） todays community health workers have better health-care tools. （ D） community health workers are decisive in the control of many devastating diseases. 5 Talk About American Economic Development Decelerates of Gains or Losses When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt
16、 biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting .filling or polishing as nails as shed ike to, either. Most of her clients spend $ 12 to $ 50 weekly , but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic in
17、dicator,“ she says,“ I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.“So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus, “I dont know it other clients are going to aband
18、on me,too.“ She says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who
19、 last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, an
20、d many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan,
21、 “ theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses. “Says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“says J
22、ohn Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer buddies in the job mar
23、ket. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,which inves-tors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside,too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that,Greenspan stude
24、nts, community groups and even political dissidents can use these hidden networks to share projects, papers and information. One part of the allure is anonymity; the other is exclusivity.Since participation is limited, file searches dont turn up a lot of junk or pornography. Darknets offer the conve
25、nience of the Web without a lot of the bad stuff. You need special software to start a darknet of your own. The two most popular programs are Direct Connect by Neo-Modus (at neo-modus. com) and an open-source variation of it called DC + + , available at . More than 800,000 copies of DC+ + have been
26、downloaded since mid-July. A third program, called Waste (also at sourceforge. net), automatically encrypts files but is much harder to use. There are no good estimates of how many people use darknets. Lowtec, a college sophomore studying computer engineering, figures that 10% of the students at his
27、 school (which he declined to name) share files through Direct Connect. “Its much faster than Kazaa,“ he says. Thats because private networks typically link small, close-knit communities in which all members have superfast connections. The recording industry so far hasnt put much effort into combatt
28、ing the secret networks, but its neglect might not last long. If networks like Kazaa become too risky, darknets could quickly rise to take their place. And if that happens, the music industry could find itself chasing users who are that much harder to catch. 21 From the first two paragraphs, we lear
29、n that_. （ A） Muffin Mans songs will be available if you know his online nickname （ B） outsiders cannot visit darknets without the invitation from a member （ C） Kazaa is to darknets what policeis to underground world （ D） its impossible for people to find out your tree identity on the darknets 22 Wh
30、ich of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? （ A） Darknets are being accused by the recording industry of allowing kids to share music online. （ B） People use darknets to share music mainly. （ C） One advantage of darknets is that people can avoid reading unwanted information. （ D）
31、Users of private networks are mostly students. 23 The word “allure“ (Line 8, Paragraph 3) most probably means_. （ A） advantage （ B） achievement （ C） feature （ D） appeal 24 We can draw a conclusion from the text that_. （ A） darknets may become a headache of the music industry （ B） the age of darknets
32、 is within reach （ C） darknets may excel Kazaa in the number of its users very soon （ D） the music industry will lose the battle against darknets 25 From the text we can see that the writer seems_. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） doubtful （ D） uncertain 阅读理解模拟试卷 8答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事
33、实细节题。本题考查丈夫阻挠妻子寻求医疗救助的原因。第一段第二句指出 because of his fear of disgrace，即丈夫害怕遭人耻笑，由此判断 C正确。 A、 B和 D的说法在文中均未体现。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章开篇就提到虽然医疗手段可以拯救艾滋病患者的生命，可是随之而 来的耻辱感也能致人于死地，可知 A“仅仅依靠医疗手段救助艾滋病病毒感染者是远远不够的 ”正确。第二段中提到只需接受部分中学教育和一年的培训就可以成为社区健康工作者，而不需要接受高等教育，故 B不正确；第二段指出，社区健康工作者帮助的不仅仅只是艾滋病病毒感染者
34、，还有很多其他需要救助的患者，故 C错误；社区健康工作者并非是治疗艾滋病的必要因素，不过他们在治疗过程中可以起到积极的作用，也可排除 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第三段第二句指出所有社区 的健康工作都起源于印度的全国农村健康计划，可知 D正确。由第三段第三句可知，印度的全国农村健康计划是由总理曼默汉 辛格发起，由卫生部长安布玛尼 热玛多博士充当先锋，因此A和 B的说法都不正确。赤脚医生是中国曾经的乡村健康工作者，并非印度全国农村健康计划的基础， C也不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题需要综合全文对各个
35、选项的准确性进行判断。首先，玛丽 维赛格为 Kenya和她的丈夫提供救助并非是出于同乡关系，而是这是印度开展的一个治疗计划 ，排除 A； “赤脚医生 ”只是对以前中国农村医疗人员的一个称呼，并非指中国医生都是赤脚，排除 B；最后一句指的是美国需要征召更多的本国社区工作者，而不是从印度征召，排除 C；第四段第一句提到了政府和企业为此付出的种种努力，由此可知正确选项为 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章开篇所举事例是为了说明社区健康工作者在拯救患者过程中的重要作用，文中丈夫害怕遭人耻笑而拒绝就医的做法是错误的，文中并未表达感染艾滋病毒可耻之意， A错误；
36、文中第二段提到 社区健康工作者都接受过部分中学教育以及一年的工作培训，之后才从事该工作， B错误；第三段第一句中提到现在的工作者拥有更好的医疗保健工具， C正确；文中末段首句指的是社区健康工作者可以协助实现对许多破坏性疾病的关键性的控制和突破，并非可以直接决定对那些疾病的控制， D夸大了其作用，不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 语义理解题。该句的字面含义：她还没开始啃指甲。接下来 But引出的转折非常重要，从这部分可知斯佩罗是美甲师，由于经济衰退 ，她的生意不如以前那么好做了，但还没有到难以维持的程度。由此反推出第一句的意思应是：对斯佩罗来说
37、，情况还没有达到让人绝望的地步。可见 D“斯佩罗还没有绝望 ”为正确答案。事实上 bite ones nails意为 “束手无策 ”，也就是 D所表达的意思。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 观点态度题。本题考查公众对当前经济的看法。第二段列举了经济衰退的表现，然后给出美国民众对此事的态度： mildly concerned(稍微有点担心 )， not panicked(不惊恐 )和 optimistic(乐观的 )。由此可知尽管消费者有点担心，但对经济前景仍持乐观态度。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题涉及考生对论点与论据的识别
38、能力。第三段中首先提出观点 “多数地区的房价保持稳定 ”，紧接着对曼哈顿、旧金山两地的房产经纪人的评论加以论证。可见，论据部分的 the $4 million to $10 million range所涉及的应是 “房地产 ”。考生根据第三段第二句中的 Home prices和第五句中的 real-estate broker，可知应选 B“房地产 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干的 silver linings定位到最后一段首句。之后作者举了很多实例：购房者可以享受低利率，雇主看到人才市场泡沫减少，投资者看到股市震荡的好处，就连就餐者们也从中获
39、益。所有这些说明人们看到经济衰退中积极的一面，由此可以推出 A“他们会在某些方面获益 ”正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。通过前文的举例可知人们对经济降温只是稍 策有些担心，但并不恐慌，人们仍保持乐观态度。接下来谈到消费者不感到绝望的原因，最后一段指出许多人甚至看到了经济发展放缓的好处。综合全文可知，作者认为对目前的经济来说，人们应谨慎，但不必恐慌，故 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查造成高学费的主要原因。原文第三段第二句提到 Most experts say that th
40、e largest driver of tuition increases has been the decline in state financing for higher education由此知，大多数专家认为，造成学费增加的最主要原因是政府对高等教育投入的下降，故选 D项。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干 关键词 data findings， report定位到原文第三段第三句 :the data findings raise concerns about administrative bloat 这次的数据研究结果同时提高了人们对于行
41、政机构臃肿问题的关注。由此可知，数据结果引起了人们对行政管理人员冗余的关注，故选 B项。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干及选项关键词 Pat Callan， support staff，instructors等定位到原文 第三至第五段。文章在第四段首句提到 The growth in suport staff included some jobs that did not exist 20 years ago即增加的后勤工作中包括一些二十年前没有的工作。由此可知，很多后勤工作可能是新兴的工作，故选 B项。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】
42、A 【试题解析】 语义理解题。根据题干关键词 Daniel Bennett， keep up with the Joneses定位到到原文第四段第十行： A lot of it is definitely trying to keep up with the Jonese很多后勤岗位很明显都是在赶时髦。下文又提到，高校越来越迎合学生的需求，他们试图将学校变成一种生活方式，而不仅仅是一个接受教育的地方。由此可知，丹尼尔的意思是，很多后勤岗位的增加是为了迎合学生的生活方式，故选 A项。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干关键词 increasing,su
43、pport stuff， result in定位到原文最后一段 第三句： Colleges have altered the compostition of their work force by steadily increasing the number of managerial positions and support or service staff一高校通过稳步增加管理岗位和后勤或服务岗位改变了高校劳动力的构成。由此可知，后勤岗位的增加导致了高校劳动力结构的变化，故选 A项。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。由题干中的 f
44、ood waste定位到第一段。第一段第二句说：饭店、学校、医院和其他机构正在通过新颖的方式来减少高额的垃圾处理带来的费用。而且在文章后面的部分也不止一次地提到了金钱。所以最主要的原因是 A“减少食品浪费所带来的费用 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由题干中的 measures定位到第一段第三句和第二段。第二二段中说：大学为了节省开支，减少食品浪费，取消了食堂的托盘。所以 A为正确答案。第一段第三句提到 的软件系统是用来记录食品废物的，而不是一直跟踪废物垃圾的位置，排除 B；减少运送的开支并不能是说一次一点地运送，所以排除 C；文章说小份额的食品可以
45、减少浪费，但并没有说同时将价格提高，所以排除 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由题干中的 installing food-only trash cans at the airport定位到第三段。文章说这样既有助于改善环境又可以省钱。再对比本段第六句所提到的不同的价格可知， A“这样可以降低运输垃 圾的成本 ”为正确答案。文章没有提到这样是否会让机场更加干净整洁，故排除 B；整个垃圾袋中的废物都是食品，可以将其比较容易地变成肥料，但文章没有说会不会让食品废物因此而可以更快地变成肥料，故排除 C；文章没有说乘客的反应，所以排除 D。 【知识模块】 阅读
46、 19 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。由题干中的 software定位到第四段。本段说当运用软件时，人们可以知道食品垃圾的信息和数据，从而可以做出决定。所以 B“保持对食品废物情况的了解 ”为正确答案。文章没有提到软件中是否 存储有解决方案，故排除 A；没有说是软件帮助计算总共提供的食物数量，所以排除 C；文章没有提到软件中有顾客的信息，所以排除 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段就说食品业的专家，饭店、学校、医院等机构都对食品废物处理给予了很多的关注，想出了很多新的办法。在接下来的三段当中，分别介绍了三种不同的处理食品废物的方
47、法：学校取消餐厅托盘、机场安装食品废物专用垃圾箱和饭店采用专业软件。所以，本篇文章的主要内容是D“很多新的方法被用于处理食品废 物 ”。第二段前半部分说在美国食品浪费巨大，但这仅是人们对食品废物处理给予更多关注的原因，并不是文章的主要内容，故排除 A；文章介绍了机构对食品废物的处理方式，没有涉及到个人的态度，因此排除 B；机场安装专用垃圾箱，饭店采用软件管理，都需要一定的资金投人，而学校中不使用托盘并没有增加成本，因此不能说采取对环境有利的食品废物处理直式，就一定会花很多钱，所以排除 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 21 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段
48、 “要想进入这样 的网络，你需要知道该组织的名称以及密码。而惟有获得一位组织成员的邀请，你才能得到那些信息。 ”可以看出，外人要访问这些网络必须获得网络成员的邀请。 C项意为“Kazza和地下网络的关系如同警察同地下世界一般 ”，这里包含一个句型 A is to B what C is to D，从文章可知把 Kazza换为唱片业，这种关系才成立。 【知识模块】 阅读 22 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。文章第三段提到由于参与人数有限，文件搜索不会带来很多垃圾文件或者色情文件。继而总结 darknets的好处是：既提供了网络的便利，又摆脱了网络的糟粕。所以避免读到讨厌的信息是 d
49、arknets的一大优势。 A项错是因为起诉的是那些网上共享音乐的孩子，而非 darknets。 【知识模块】 阅读 23 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 语义理解题。根据上文，第三段分析 darknets为何受人欢迎。其中提到了 “在网上留出隐私空间 has wide appeal”，接着又探讨其他原因，一个是匿名性，一个是排外性，这都是 the allure的一部分，可见 allure的意思应该和appeal相近或者相同。 【知识模块】 阅读 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，作者假定如果音乐行业要起诉那些共享音乐的网络，公共网络可能由此停办， darknets将迅速崛起并取而代之，而音乐行业会发现他们追查的用户要难捉得多。可见 darknets有可能成为令音乐行业头痛的事情。 【知识模块】 阅读 25 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 观点态度题。
