1、阅读理解练习试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squ
2、are brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Whats a label worth? A lot, it seems, when it comes to towels in a New York shop. Two Harvard University researchers, Michael Hiscox and Nicholas Smyth conducted an experiment on two sets of towels. One lot carried a label with the logo “Fair and
3、Square“ and the following message: These towels have been made under fair labor conditions, in a safe and healthy working environment which is free of discrimination, and where management has committed to respecting the rights and dignity of workers. The other set had no such label. Over five months
4、, the researchers observed the impact of making various changes such as switching the label to the other set of towels and raising prices. The results were striking: not only did sales of towels increase when they carried the Fair and Square label, they carried on increasing each time the price was
5、raised. No wonder companies are keen to appeal to ethically minded consumers, whether on labor standards or green credentials. On greenery, British consumers are divided into four broad groups. About one in ten is passionately green and will go out of their way to shop accordingly. At the other end
6、of the spectrum one-quarter are not interested. In-between are those who care but want green consumption to be easy, and those who are vaguely concerned but dont see how they can make a difference. That represents an opportunity: three-quarters of British consumers are interested in the green theme
7、in some way. But even the keenest ethical consumer faces complicated trade-offs, and sometimes the apparently obvious ethical choice turns out to be the wrong one. Surely it must be greener for Britons to buy roses from the Netherlands than ones air-freighted from Kenya? In fact, a study at Cranfiel
8、d University showed the carbon footprint of the Dutch roses to be six times as large because they had to be grown in heated greenhouses. Consumers are right to be suspicious of the ethical claims made for many products. A recent study of the labels of 1 018 products in big stores in North America by
9、 TerraChoice, an environmental marketing agency, found that almost all of them were guilty of some form of “green washing“. They did not tell outright lies, but nor did they tell the whole truth. 1 According to the experiment, the towels with the “ Fair and Square“ label _. （ A） sold better at a hig
10、her price （ B） became more popular at a lower price （ C） were more competitive even with an increased price （ D） were thought to be of higher quality even with a lower price 2 The towel experiment shows that _. （ A） we should appeal to more people to be ethical consumers （ B） the influence of ethica
11、l consumers is increasingly on the rise （ C） fair working conditions has become the core value in society （ D） fair working conditions should be encouraged even at some cost 3 The phrase “go out of their way to shop accordingly“ in paragraph 4 means “to _“ . （ A） enjoy green shopping far away from h
12、ome （ B） make a special effort to buy green products （ C） do unusual things to support green consumption （ D） go shopping only in places with green products 4 The example of the roses emphasizes the _. （ A） the difficulty for ethical consumers to identify green products （ B） the necessity of giving
13、more information to ethical consumers （ C） the importance of making the right choice in green consumption （ D） the controversy of whether or not to continue green consumption 5 What point does the author want to make in the last paragraph? （ A） There is no such thing as green shopping. （ B） Consumer
14、s have the right to know the truth. （ C） The green labels on products are mostly misleading. （ D） Producers should feel guilty for deceiving consumers. 6 In the passage the author tries to convey the message that _. （ A） buying ethical may not be as good as it seems （ B） buying ethical is the right
15、choice for consumers （ C） the concept of buying ethical has caught on in the UK （ D） the question of buying ethical is heatedly debated in the UK 6 Faith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, w
16、hether were turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better. We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and
17、 diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4 500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $ 300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries. Despite the highly publicized“ longevity revolution,“ life expectancy amon
18、g the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increase
19、d by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight. Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised“ miracle cures,“ from Interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly its because health care dollars are
20、 so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions “work,“ the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast can
21、cer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200 000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening “adverse drug events“ due to improper drug use or drug interaction. Why dont Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, its because of differences in behavior. Americans exercise less, eat more, drive m
22、ore, smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries. 7 America
23、ns in general believe that _. （ A） more money spent on health care may not result in better health （ B） medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems （ C） health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicine （ D） higher birthrate can better solve the problem of
24、aging society than medicine 8 Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans _. （ A） have a healthier way of life （ B） enjoy a longer life expectancy （ C） are more dependent on medicine （ D） are less concerned about their health 9 The biggest problem affecting the health of younger Americans may be summa
25、rized as the problem of _. （ A） overwork （ B） depression （ C） stress （ D） lifestyle 10 Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life? （ A） Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs. （ B） Imbalanced distribution of health care money. （ C） Soaring pric
26、es of both drugs and new therapies. （ D） Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatments. 11 It is implied in the last paragraph that _. （ A） medicine should be taken timely before it is too late （ B） it is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine （ C） poor health conditions leave li
27、ttle room for medicine to work （ D） great efforts should be made to develop new types of medicine 12 The passage is mainly focused on _. （ A） the limits of medicine （ B） the life hazards in the U. S. （ C） the harriers to a longer life （ D） the problems in health investment 阅读理解练习试卷 2答案与解析 一、 Reading
28、 Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machin
29、e-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第三段最后一句说结果令人惊奇：挂上 “公正 ”标签的毛巾销量上升，而且每次价格提高后 ，销量还会继续上升。说明即使价格提高也很有竞争力。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 带有 “公正 ”标签的毛巾热销说明越来越多的消费者在消费时会考虑除质量之外的如劳动者工作环境或是环保等问题，他们的影响力也越来越大。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第四段第三句说在英国有十分之一的消费者是绿色消费的忠实拥护者，他们会不怕麻烦地去购买绿色产品。 【知
30、识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第五段以玫瑰为例说明消费者在选择绿色消费品时面临的困难。人们普遍认为来自荷兰的玫瑰比从肯尼亚空运来的玫瑰更环保，但 Cranfield大学的研究显示荷兰的玫瑰二氧化碳排放量却是肯尼亚玫瑰的六倍。因此消费者看起来正确的选择可能是错误的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 最后一段作者说消费者有权质疑很多产品中涉及的公正或绿色声明。根据 TerraChoice对北美大商场中 1018种商品标签的研究，几乎所有产品都有 “绿色洗脑 ”之嫌。他们虽然没有完全说谎，但 也没有完全讲真话。可见这些标签都存在误导性。 【知识模
31、块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文最后一段说 “绿色消费 ”并不都如人们想象得那么好。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段说几年前布朗大学医学院的毕业生对如何照顾老人还只是略有所知，而现在布朗大学医学院和美国其他一些医学院正在把老年医学课程加入学校的课程表。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第三段 Richard Besdine说如今银色浪潮的第一波已经开始拍打美国的海岸，但是美国还没有一个协调的或战略性的对策。说明美国还没有准备好应对这一大潮。银色浪潮指的是老年人口的增长。 【知识模块】
32、 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第四段主要分析了年轻医生不愿做老年病医生的原因：和其他科的医生相比收入低、地位低、病人病程长、病情复杂等。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第五段说在美国 80万医生中只有约 7000名老年医学专家。为使老年人得到充 分照顾，现在还需要 13000名老年病医生。到 2030年，老年病医生缺口将达到 36000名。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 倒数第二段说为了缓解老年医学人才不足的状况，私人组织向医学院提供资金支持以开设相关课程，提供培训。说明人们已经逐渐开始认识到相关的问题。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 最后一段 Hougham说： “即使他们不学这些内容，也必须面对这个问题。并不是说不学老年医学课程就能让老年人走开。不管我们是否准 备好，他们都将到来。 ”也就是说老年人带来的问题不可避免。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
