1、阅读理解（事实细节题）强化练习试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corr
2、esponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts
3、 it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will somet
4、imes perform two or three of them. “ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4 800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.
5、There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expan
6、ding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have. 1 According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to_. （ A） take advantage of the physical labor （ B） introduce the division of labor into En
7、gland （ C） understand the effects of the division of labor （ D） explain the bad causes of the division of labor 2 Adam Smith saw that the division of labor_. （ A） enabled each worker to design pins more quickly （ B） increased the possible output per worker （ C） increased the number of people employe
8、d in factories （ D） improved the quality of pins produced 3 Adam Smith mentioned the number 4 800 in order to_ . （ A） show the advantages of the old labor system （ B） stress how powerful the individual worker was （ C） show the advantages of the division of labor （ D） stress the importance of increas
9、ed production 4 According to the writer, Adam Smiths mistake was in believing that the division of labor_. （ A） was an efficient way of organizing work （ B） was an important development in methods of production （ C） finally led to economic development, （ D） increased the production of existing goods
10、 5 According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT true? （ A） Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins. （ B） Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have. （ C） Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth. （ D） Division of
11、 labor is an efficient way of organizing work. 5 We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a nu
12、mber of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns. Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all ove
13、r the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and began to tremble“ suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide“ is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chines
14、e, “surprise“ can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out their tongues!“ Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike. Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that w
15、omen are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on peoples faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. 6 According to the passage, _. （ A） we can hardly understand what peoples ges
16、tures mean （ B） we cannot often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gestures （ C） words can be better understood by older people （ D） gestures can be understood by most of the people while words cannot 7 Peoples facial expressions may be misunderstood because_. （ A
17、） people of different ages may have different understanding （ B） people have different cultures （ C） people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different way （ D） people of different countries speak different languages 8 In the same culture, _. （ A） people have different ability to unders
18、tand and express feelings （ B） people, have the same understanding of something （ C） people never fail to understand each other （ D） people are equally intelligent 9 From this passage, we can conclude_. （ A） words are used as frequently as gestures （ B） words are often found difficult to understand
19、（ C） words and gestures are both used in expressing feelings （ D） gestures are more efficiently used than words 10 The best title for this passage may be_. （ A） Words and Feelings （ B） Words, Gestures and Feelings （ C） Gestures and Feelings （ D） Culture and Understanding 10 In the United States, 30
20、percent of the adult population has a “weight problem. “ To many people, the cause is obvious: they eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of the 1910s, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days peopl
21、e worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less and didnt watch television. Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations, such as the 1979 study of 3 545 London office workers, report tha
22、t, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people. Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts: The more the men ran, the more body fat they lost. The more they ran, th
23、e greater amount of food they ate. Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body 11 The physical problem that many adult Americans have is that_. （ A） they are too slim （ B） they work too hard （ C） they are too fat （ D） they lose too much body fat 12 According to th
24、e article, given 500 adult Americans, _people will have a weight problem. （ A） 30 （ B） 50 （ C） 100 （ D） 150 13 Is there any scientific evidence to support that eating too much is the cause of a “weight problem?“ （ A） Yes, there is plenty of evidence. （ B） Of course, there is some evidence to show th
25、is is true. （ C） There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this. （ D） We dont know because the information is not given. 14 In comparison with the adult American population today, the Americans of the 1910s_. （ A） ate more food and had more physical activities （ B） ate less food but had mor
26、e activities （ C） ate less food and had less physical exercise （ D） had more weight problems 15 Modern scientific researches have reported to us that_. （ A） fat people eat less food and are less active （ B） fat people eat more food than slim people and are more active （ C） fat people eat more food t
27、han slim people but are less active （ D） thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake 15 As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself“ (DIY) trend (趋势 ) in the U. S. continues to grow. “We needed furniture (家具 ) for our living room,“ says John Ross, “and we just di
28、dnt have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs. “ John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a two-week course for $ 280 at a night sc
29、hool. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house. Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoemaking factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $ 420. “I was deeply upset about it. Now Ive finished a car repa
30、ir course. I should be able to fix the car by myself. “ John and Jim are not unusual people. In order to save money, most families in the country are doing everything they can so that they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourselfer,“ you can go to DIY classes. And f
31、or those who dont have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself. 16 We can learn from the text that many newly married people_. （ A） find it hard to pay for what they need （ B） have to learn to make their own furniture （ C） take DIY courses run by the gover
32、nment （ D） seldom go to a department store to buy things 17 John and his wife went to evening classes to learn how to_. （ A） run a DIY shop （ B） make or repair things （ C） save time and money （ D） improve the quality of life 18 When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim_
33、. （ A） makes shoes in his home （ B） does his extra work at night （ C） does his own car and home repairs （ D） keeps house and looks after his children 19 Jim Hatfield decided to become a “do-it-yourselfer“ when_. （ A） his car repairs cost too much （ B） the car repair class was not helpful （ C） he cou
34、ld not possibly do two jobs （ D） he had to raise the children all by himself 20 What would be the best title for the text? （ A） The Joy of DIY. （ B） You Can Do It Too! （ C） Welcome to Our DIY Course! （ D） Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY. 阅读理解（事实细节题）强化练习试卷 4答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (
35、30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line thr
36、ough the center. 【知识模块】 事实细节题 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对具体细节的把握。答案对应于文章的第一段第一句话： Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor劳动分工的重要性也就是劳动分工对生产效率的作用、影响。 所以 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握及对全文的概括总结能力。答案对应于文章的第三段，通过数据史密斯说明了劳动分工极大地提高了生产效率。 【知
37、识模块】 事实细节题 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。通过 12题分析，很容易得出答案。且 A、 B、 D原文都明显没有提到。所以 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查 考生对文章具体细节的把握。答案对应文章最后一段第二句话： but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development所以 C为正确选项。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 5 【正确答
38、案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。关键在 by no means这个词组上。从上个句子看，劳动分工本身不能保证经济增长，但不能就因此说 劳动分工根本不能促进经济增长。故选 C项。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 【知识模块】 事实细节题 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章整体意思的把握。答案对应文章的第一、二段。第一段说这些词汇和姿势会被理解成不同的含义，因此 B“当人们用词汇、话语或手势、姿态表达感受时，我们经常不能确定它们的意思 ”是正确的。 A“我们很难理解人们姿势的意思 ”不正确。在第二段中作者指出微笑、大笑和哭泣在任何语言中的意思是相同的，不同的
39、动物也会以相同的方式表达相同的感受。所以人们的手势或姿态并不 是很难理解的。 C也不正确，因为文章说老人比年轻人能更好地理解肢体语言，没有提到词语。 D在文章中没有提到。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题主要考查考生的推断能力及对细节的把握。答案对应最后一段，开头说 “即使在相同的文化下，人们理解和表达情感的能力也会不一样。 ”这说明上面提到的是不同的文化传统会造成不同的理解。所以 B是正确的。文章没有提到年龄的问题，因此 A不入选。最后一段说女性通过脸部表情识别恐惧、生气、爱和高兴方面比男人要好，但没有说性别不同理解不同，所以 C是错误的。文章没有提到语言的
40、差异， D也不对。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题主要考查考生对细节的把握。答案对应最后一段，开头说 “即使在相同的文化下，人们理解和表达情感的能力也会不一样 ”。这说明不同的文化更是这样。即 A正确。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生的总结能力及对文章具体细节的把握。根据第一段开头 We use both worlds and gestures to express our feelings，因此选 C。文章并没有对词语和手势或姿势进行比较，所以 A、 B、 D都不对。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 10 【正确答案】
41、 B 【试题解析】 本题主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握。由文章结构分析可看出，文章主要谈到的是人们在理解肢体语言以及表情所表达的感受方面的异同， worlds在第一行就与 gesture一起被提到了，而 culture不是主要内容。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 【知识模块】 事实细节题 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的把握。答 案在第一段第一句话： In the United States， 30 percent of the adult population has a“weight problem ”“在美国， 30的成年人都有体重问题。 ”因此许多美国成年人的身体问
42、题是他们太胖了， C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的把握。答案也在第一段第一句话： In the United States， 30 percent of the adult population has a“weight problem ”“在美国， 30的成年人都有体重问题。 ”因此，如果有 500成年人，那么 150人就会有体重问题。 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的把握。答案在第一段第三句话： But scientific evidence does l
43、ittle to support this idea “但是几乎没有任何科学依据能证明这一点。 ”C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的把握。答案在第一段： Going back to the America of the 1910s， we find that people were thinner than today， yet they ate more food In those days people worked harder physically, watked more used machines much less
44、 and didnt watch television “回顾 1910 1919年的美国，我们发现人们比现代人瘦，可是他们吃得更多。在那个时代，人们体力工作更繁重，走路更多，较少使用机器也不看电视。 ”因此那时的人比现在吃得多，活动多。这句话符合题意， A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的把握。答案在第二段和第三段： Several modern studies， moreover， have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner peo
45、ple Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people “而且，一些现代研究已经表明，胖人并不比瘦人平均吃得多。研究表明瘦人比胖人活动多。 ”因此，胖人吃得少，活动少。这句话符合题意。 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 【知识模块】 事实细节题 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章第二段开头便说罗斯夫妇因买不起家具而苦恼，后面说像很多新婚夫妇一样，他们要为很高的生活开支不断奋斗 。 B和 C属于罗斯家的情况，不能说所有新婚夫妇面临这样的困难。 D项文中没有提到。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 17 【正确答案
46、】 B 【试题解析】 第二段中 The Rosses took a twoweek course for $280 at a night school Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house参加过夜校课程后，罗斯夫妇可以自己制作和修理家具了。所以选 B。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 has a full-time job at home在家有一份全职工作，乍一看让人匪夷所思。但通过上下文，前面的一句提到吉姆的妻子去世了，他自己带着三个孩子生活。这样我们便不难理解
47、， have a fulltime job at home是说吉姆要料理家务并照管孩子。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第三段中提到， Last month， he received a car repair bill for $420 “I was deeply upset about it Now Ive finished a car repair course I should be able to fix the car by myself ”当吉姆收到 420美元的汽车修理账单时，他感到沮丧极了。所以是这张昂贵的账单促使他加入了 DIY的行列。 【知识模块】 事实细节题 20 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 这道题主要考查学生对全文的整体理解和对主旨的准确把握能力。全文围绕 DIY展开，并给出了约翰和吉姆 两个成功的例子。但文章的主旨在最后一段，作者总结说，约翰和吉姆都是普通人，通过参加课程或参考书籍，任何人都可以成为 DIY高手。所以比较四个选项， B更加恰当。 【知识模块】 事实细节题
